We analyze the effect of a finite volume on the thermodynamic potentials of a relativistic quantum field theory defined on a hypertorus at vanishing chemical potential. Using the symmetries of the Euclidean partition function, we interpret the thermodynamic observables as the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor in the same theory living on a β×L2 volume. In the case where the screen...

Radiofrequency electromagnetic field=radiation (RFR) covers a large segment of the electromagnetic spectrum and falls within the nonionizing bands. Its frequency ranges between 3KHz and 300GHz. Cellular phones, wireless transmission towers for radio, TV, and telecommunication, radar and many other applications emit RFR. Different frequencies of RFR are used in different applications. For exampl...

New results based on methods of population synthesis, concerning magnetic field effects on the evolution of pulsars are reported. The present study confirms that models with timescales for the magnetic field decay longer than the pulsar lifetime are in better agreement with data. These new simulations indicate that the diagram log(PṖ ) log(ts) alone cannot be used to test field decay models. Th...

We propose and test the idea that investor perceptions exhibit volatility ‘after-effects’ whereby perceived volatility is distorted after prolonged exposure to extreme volatility levels. Using VIX to measure perceived volatility in S&P 500 stocks, we find evidence of significant perceptual distortions in the aftermath of volatility regimes, consistent with the after-effect theory and recent exp...

Ray–based representations can model complex light transport but are limited in modeling diffraction effects that require the simulation of wavefront propagation. This paper provides a new paradigm that has the simplicity of light path tracing and yet provides an accurate characterization of both Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction. We introduce the concept of a light field transformer at the int...

We report abnormal magnetic field effects on electrogenerated chemiluminescence (MFEECL) based on triplet emission from the Ru(bpy)3Cl2-TPrA electrochemical system: the appearance of MFEECL after magnetic field ceases. In early studies the normal MFEECL have been observed from electrochemical systems during the application of magnetic field. Here, the abnormal MFEECL suggest that the activated ...

A traditional idea with respect to the interaction of electromagnetic fields and biologic systems is that specific effects can occur only when the incident energy is greater than the energy associated with a temperature that is characteristic of the biologic system (kT). The functioning of the visual system and the effect of ionizing radiation are examples of these interactions. For energies le...

We review the framework we and our collaborators have developed for the study of one– loop quantum corrections to extended field configurations in renormalizable quantum field theories. We work in the continuum, transforming the standard Casimir sum over modes into a sum over bound states and an integral over scattering states weighted by the density of states. We express the density of states ...

VI. REACTION MoMErcr AND ELECTRIc-CI~-.MICAL MECHANISM 1. Reaction Moments from Dielectric Data 2. Permanent and Induced Dipole Moments (a) Individual dipole moments (b) Total polarization (i) Induced moment (ii) Permanent moment (c) Form factors and g-factors 3. Reaction Moment and Equilibrium Constant (a) Non-polar polarizable spheres (b) Polar non-polarizable spheres (c) Polar polarizable sp...