This paper studies observable and irrevocable commitment in bargaining. We investigate when commitment tactics can cause an impasse and when compromise is feasible. In the static model in which a player’s commitment decision is made simultaneously with his choice of bargaining stance, compromise becomes unattainable (Ellingsen and Miettinen, 2008). We first analyze a static bargaining model, in...

Creating valid and reliable classroom tests are very important to an instructor for assessing student performance, achievement and success in the class. The same principle applies to the State Exit and Classroom Exams conducted by the instructors, state and other agencies. One powerful technique available to the instructors for the guidance and improvement of instruction is the test item analys...

We analysed 184 formation events of new atmospheric aerosol particles, observed at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. Recognition, selection and classification of the formation events was based on continuous experimental size distribution data for submicron particles from a period 31 January 1996–18 September 1999 (1327 days). The formation events were classified, and their cha...

For the first time, the pinning effect of small spheroid particles with aspect ratios 1, 2 and 3 on grain growth in polycrystalline structures was studied by three-dimensional phase field simulations. This was possible by using an efficient parallel sparse bounding box algorithm. Simulation results for different volume fractions of the second-phase particles show that distributions of particles...

This work describes the impact of different teachers’ approaches in using Moodle, for supporting their courses, at the Polytechnic of Porto School of Engineering. The study covers five different courses, from different degrees and different years, and includes a number of Moodle resources especially supporting laboratory classes. These and other active resources are particularly analyzed in ord...

Gamification, the application of game elements to non-game settings, continues to grow in popularity as a method to increase student engagement in the classroom. We tested students across two courses, measuring their motivation, social comparison, effort, satisfaction, learner empowerment, and academic performance at four points during a 16-week semester. One course received a gamified curricul...

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objective(s):investigation of phase diagram of various drug formulations is effective to predict different phase region of drugs to detect final formula. the purpose of this research was to develop the ternary phase diagrams for a drug microemulsion system consisting of cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) oil, surfactant (tween 80) and deionized water. materials and methods:an electrical conductivity was ...