We analyze the distribution of the rf spectrum in optoelectronic oscillators due to the finite duration of the spectrum measurement. The distribution of the periodogram or the rf spectrum at a given frequency is calculated using a reduced model and is compared to a comprehensive numerical simulation. The model shows that the rf spectrum at a given frequency fluctuates from measurement to measur...

We present a “separation” algorithm for achieving color constancy and theorems concerning its accuracy. The algorithm requires extra information from the optical system, over and above the usual three values mapping human cone responses. However, with this additional information-specifically, a sampling across the visible range of the reflected, color-signal spectrum impinging on the optical se...

A non-backtracking walk on a graph, H , is a directed path of directed edges of H such that no edge is the inverse of its preceding edge. Non-backtracking walks of a given length can be counted using the non-backtracking adjacency matrix, B, indexed by H ’s directed edges and related to Ihara’s Zeta function. We show how to determine B’s spectrum in the case where H is a tree covering a finite ...