We investigate the contribution of single cells to collective gamma-oscillations in a network of spiking neurons subject to an inhibitory activity control. In contrast to many earlier studies emphasizing a high precision in spike timing, cell ring is rather unreliable in our model. Nonetheless, we qualitatively reproduce many experimental ndings, some of them previously unexplored in modeling s...

Optical packet switching has been researched for about two decades, but it has not been deployed in commercial networks yet. Nonetheless, the research on optical packet switching continues as it promises to perform better than electronic hardware. We report on the established results of optical packet switching, and examine the reasons for its current state.

McCullough et al. propose an evolved cognitive revenge system which imposes retaliatory costs on aggressors. They distinguish between this and other forms of punishment (e.g., those administered by judges) which are not underpinned by a specifically designed evolutionary mechanism. Here we outline mechanisms and circumstances through which the revenge system might nonetheless infiltrate decisio...

The synthesis of the thermally stable bicyclic diphosphasilirane O(SiiPr2P)2SiiPr2 (4) was achieved via oxidation of the alkaline earth metal substituted cyclic diphosphanide 3 with 1,2-dibromoethane. Nonetheless, during extended storage at low temperature, impurity induced rearrangement in favour of the dimeric species [O(SiiPr2P)2SiiPr2]2 (5) is observed.

Fungi possess robust cell walls and do not engulf prey cells by phagotrophy. As a consequence they are thought to be relatively immune from the invasion of foreign genes. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests gene transfer has amended the metabolic networks of many fungal species.

Advances in child nutrition over the last several decades are creating momentum for a programmatic push to reduce undernutrition worldwide. The contribution of food aid may be small, but, nonetheless, U.S. food aid policy should be revamped to benefit more effectively and more efficiently the children and mothers in need.

Background: Proximal trans-radial approach (pTRA) has become the default choice for coronary catheterization, recently, distal TRA (dTRA) gained sound acceptance as an alternative access to overcome undeniable pTRA pitfalls. Nonetheless, dTRA is technically challenging because of smaller size.

Using a fully self-consistent quantum statistical model, we demonstrate the possibility of Bose condensation of nuclei in heavy ion collisions. The most favorable conditions of high densities and low temperatures are usually associated with astrophysical processes and may be difficult to achieve in heavy ion collisions. Nonetheless, some suggestions for the possible experimental verification ...

A recent study of X-chromosome and autosome genes in mammals suggests that selective trade-offs are important in the long-term evolution of mutation rates; but recent studies with bacteria show that high mutation rates can nonetheless evolve in the short term in clonal populations.

The approach includes both theoretical and measurement components. One measurement approach exploits the very high geoacoustic information content in direct path measurements of seabed reflection and scattering. Another measurement approach, based on long-range reverberation, has much less information content but is nonetheless a powerful way to explore scales inherent in the seabed. Both kinds...