The formulation of gauge theories on the lattice does not require gauge fixing. However, to study Green’s functions of the fundamental fields, it is unavoidable to pick a gauge. Moreover, the correlation functions of the fundamental fields can be used to compute renormalization constants or non-perturbative coefficients used in numerical simulations. For a general overview on gauge fixing in la...

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BACKGROUND Symbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing trees are rare in late-successional temperate forests, even though these forests are often N limited. Two hypotheses could explain this paradox. The 'phylogenetic constraints hypothesis' states that no late-successional tree taxa in temperate forests belong to clades that are predisposed to N fixation. Conversely, the 'selective constraints hypothesis' s...

Component hijacking is a class of vulnerabilities commonly appearing in Android applications. When these vulnerabilities are triggered by attackers, the vulnerable apps can exfiltrate sensitive information and compromise the data integrity on Android devices, on behalf of the attackers. It is often unrealistic to purely rely on developers to fix these vulnerabilities for two reasons: 1) it is a...

Nitrogen fixed by legumes is the main nitrogen source in organic farming systems. The design of crop rotation is strongly depending on the knowledge of how much nitrogen is fixed by legumes. Also for farm scale budgeting of Nitrogen it is essential to know the amount of Nitrogen fixed by the single leguminous crop. According to the literature, the determination of Nitrogen fixation is expensive...