The asymptotic structure of unstrained, laminar, fuel-rich, premixed methane flame is analyzed by using a reduced chemical-kinetic mechanism made up of three global steps. Analysis is carried out for values of equivalence ratio greater than 1.3. The flame structure is presumed to comprise three zones: an inert preheat zone, a thin reaction zone, and a post-flame zone. In contrast to previous as...

A theoretical–numerical analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics is used to examine the propagation of laminar H2-enriched CH4–air flames. The analysis is based on computing the various entropy generation terms in a transient reacting flow field. A comprehensive, time-dependent computational model, which employs a detailed description of chemistry and transport, is used to simulate th...

The chemical structure of an opposed flow, methane diffusion flame is studied using a chemical kinetic model and the results are compared to experimental measurements. The chemical kinetic paths leading to aromatics and polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the diffusion flame are identified. These paths all involve resonantly stabilized radicals which include propargyl, allyl, cyclopenta...

The flame retardant synergism between highly stretched polymer fibres and intumescent flame retardant systems was investigated in self-reinforced polypropylene composites. It was found that the structure of reinforcement, such as degree of molecular orientation, fibre alignment and weave type, has a particular effect on the fire performance of the intumescent system. As little as 7.2 wt % addit...

Imaging scheme based on Acetone-OH simultaneous PLIF (Planer Laser-Induced Fluorescence) is applied for diagnostics of reactive zone over the premixed flames and the reactive zone imaging are demonstrated for turbulent premixed flame conditions. In the present study, visualization of reactive zone is brought by simultaneous measurement of unburned zone through acetone (seeded into the fuel flow...

Repetitively pulsed, nonequilibrium plasma discharges are studied for their ability to ignite and stabilize methane jet flames in cross flow air. The placement of the discharge is surveyed to optimize the flame duty cycle (stability). We find that flame ignition is not achieved when the discharge is located in the potential core region of the fuel jet or on the windward side of the most upstrea...

Thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO), containing only four single carbon layers on average, was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and magnesium hydroxide (MH), respectively, in polypropylene (PP). The nanoparticle’s influence on different flame-retarding systems and possible synergisms in pyrolysis, reaction to small flame, fire behavior and mechanical properties were determined. TR...

Difunctional boron-containing reactive flame retardant for UV-curable epoxy acrylate oligomer was synthesized from phenyl boronic acid and glycidyl methacrylate. The synthesized reactive diluent was utilized to formulate ultraviolet (UV)-curable wood coatings. The weight fractions of reactive diluent in coatings formulation was varied from 5 to 25 wt % with constant photoinitiator concentration...

In this work, copper pyrovanadate (Cu3V2O7(OH)2(H2O)2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple and rapid chemical precipitation method. Different copper-organic complexes were used to control the size and morphology of products. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission elec...

The effect of fuel-side ethanol addition on the chemical structure of the soot extractable material generated in an ethylene inverse diffusion flame was evaluated by means of average structural parameters. The results indicate that the ethanol effect on the aromatic components was more pronounced, with an increase of about 40% in the average number of aromatic fused rings (Ra) as compared to th...