The vast majority of species within the lanternshark genus Etmopterus harbour complex luminescent markings on their flanks, whose functional significance has long remained obscure. Recent studies, however, suggest these enigmatic photophore aggregations to play a role in intraspecific communication. Using visual modelling based on in vivo luminescence measurements from a common lanternshark spe...

In this study, we report findings from a microscopic analysis of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) integumentary ultrastructure. Skin samples from the cheek, shoulder, flank and rump were taken from a 46-year-old female southern white rhinoceros and examined using H&E and elastic histological stains. The epidermis was thickest in the flank (1.003 mm) followed by the rump, cheek and sho...

Instantaneous friction and wear energy density are important indicators of the state tooth flank milling cutter. Existing methods for identifying on cutters mainly focus overall level consumption maximum width accumulated teeth flanks, ignoring unevenness variability volume distribution tool flank, dynamic relationship between instantaneous each cutter is to be revealed. Transient cutting posit...

The trajectories of motor axons innervating chick wings reversed about the DV or AP axis before axon invasion were analysed after retrograde filling by HRP injection into biceps or triceps muscles. Chick-quail chimaeras showed that the plane of reversal for flank operations was proximal to the confluence of the 14th, 15th, and 16th spinal roots as they form the plexus. The shoulder reversal pla...

PURPOSE Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is conventionally conducted in the prone position. However, the prone position increases anesthesia-related morbidity and position changes lengthen the operation time. We report perioperative outcomes and the learning curve for flank PCNL on the basis of a single surgeon's experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated 53 cases of flank P...

BACKGROUND Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are downregulated in proliferative vascular disease. Thus, upregulation of these miRNAs has become a major focus of research activity. However, there is a critical barrier in gene therapy to upregulate some miRNAs such as miR-145 and miR-143 because of their significant downregulation by the unclear endogenous mechanisms under disease conditions. The purpose o...