background: reservation of blood leads to blood wastage if the blood is not transfused. therefore, in some centers only blood type and screen are evaluated. in this study, the efficacy of a blood crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio was measured and then compared with the standard levels. methods: this prospective study was conducted during one year in a university hospital. during this period, 398 ...

Detection of an item changing its location from one instance to another is typically unaffected by changes in the shape or color of contextual items. However, we demonstrate here that such location change detection is severely impaired if the elongated axes of contextual items change orientation, even though individual locations remain constant and even though the orientation was irrelevant to ...

Evidence obtained using the dynamic grouping method has shown that the grouping of an object's connected surfaces has properties characteristic of a nonlinear dynamical system. When a surface's luminance changes, one of its boundaries is perceived moving across the surface. The direction of this dynamic grouping (DG) motion indicates which of two flanking surfaces has been grouped with the chan...

This fact sheet has been developed to support the implementation of the Natural Resources Conservation Service Feed Management 592 Practice Standard. The Feed Management 592 Practice Standard was adopted by NRCS in 2003 as another tool to assist with addressing resource concerns on livestock and poultry operations. Feed management can assist with reducing the import of nutrients to the farm and...

Evacuee routing algorithms in emergency typically adopt one single criterion to compute desired paths and ignore the specific requirements of users caused by different physical strength, mobility and level of resistance to hazard. In this paper, we present a quality of service (QoS) driven multi-path routing algorithm to provide diverse paths for different categories of evacuees. This algorithm...

Identification of orthologous genes, which are defined as homologous genes derived from speciation in the history of evolution [1], is a crucial step for comparative analysis of multiple genomes. Basically, evidence to identify orthologs includes: i) highest level of similarity, ii) conservation of gene arrangement on the chromosome, iii) consistency between gene phylogeny and species phylogeny...

A number of recent technological trends have made data intensive applications such as continuous media (audio and video) servers a reality. These servers store and retrieve a large volume of data using magnetic disks. Servers consisting of heterogeneous disk drives have become a fact of life for several reasons. First, disks are mechanical devices that might fail. The failed disks are almost al...

The integration of wireless access networks with optical access networks in the so-called fiber-wireless (FiWi) networks has recently emerged as a promising strategy for providing flexible network services at relatively high transmission rates. FiWi network research to date has mainly focused on optical access networks with the normal reach (around 20 km) of passive optical networks (PONs). We ...

How does the attractiveness of a particular option depend on comparisons drawn between it and other alternatives? We observe that in many cases, comparisons hurt: When the options being compared have both meaningful advantages and meaningful disadvantages, comparison between options makes each option less attractive. The effects of comparison are crucial in choice problems involving grouped opt...