There is a growing concern for adverse effects of untreated discharge from confined animal feedlot operations (CAFOs) in the Midwestern states. Ample data exists to show that the waste discharge from livestock operations is a major contributor to the contamination of surface water systems. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) estimates that 41 percent of the total non-poin...

An unsteady mathematical model of superheated steam fluidized bed drying process is established based on the transport process principles and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The vapor-solid two-phase turbulent flow in the drying chamber is described with the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model. The model is solved by computer numerical simulation. The drying experiments of wet rapesee...

In this paper, we develop a multi-scale model to describe the particle growth in a fluidized bed reactor. Population balance model is presented to describe the dynamical behavior of particle size distribution. Stability analysis is derived to determine the control configuration for the complex particulate process. Inventory control strategy is applied to control the particle size distribution.

Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) make up for a large part of the total worldwide polymer production. Originally, both polymers were often produced in solution processes. However, fluidized bed reactors for polyethylene and polypropylene production gain increasing industrial interest because of the relatively low production costs, the ability to produce a wide range of polymer grades, an...

Fixed fluidized bed reactor is widely used to evaluate the crackability of heavy oils and the activity of catalysts. To understand the hydrodynamics, reaction kinetics and thermodynamics in conventional and modified fixed fluidized bed reactors, the computational fluid dynamics method, energy-minimization multi-scale-based two-fluid model coupled with a six-lump kinetic model was used to invest...

A solid – liquid – gas, multiphase reactor, called Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (IFBBR) was used in this study for the treatment of starch industry wastewater of high organic content and acidic nature. Mixed culture obtained from the sludge, taken from starch industry effluent treatment plant, was used as microorganisms. Experiments were carried out in an Inverse fluidized bed bioreactor, a...

Gasification is a thermo-chemical process to convert carbon-based compounds such as biomass and coal into a gaseous fuel. Among the various types of gasification methods, fluidized bed gasification is one which is considered as more efficient method than others as biomass is fluidized in a mixture of air/oxygen and steam. In the present study, a comprehensive steady state process model has been...

Approximately 2.4 million tons of bagasse are produced each year in Iran, most of which are currently treated as waste adding to serious environmental concerns. Application of bagasse for energy production is a sustainable solution to supply the required energy within the sugar refineries and export the surplus electricity to the grid. Currently, the energy demand in Iranian sugar mills is main...

Several reactor configurations have been tested for catalytic propane dehydrogenation employing Pt-Sn/MgAl2O4 as a catalyst. Pd-Ag alloy membranes coupled to the multifunctional Two-Zone Fluidized Bed Reactor (TZFBR) provide an improvement in propane conversion by hydrogen removal from the reaction bed through the inorganic membrane in addition to in situ catalyst regeneration. Twofold process ...

the application of neural networks to model a laboratory scale inverse fluidized bed reactor has been studied. a radial basis function neural network has been successfully employed for the modeling of the inverse fluidized bed reactor. in the proposed model, the trained neural network represents the kinetics of biological decomposition of organic matters in the reactor. the neural network has b...