This chapter focuses on some new definitions and methodologies of electric drives that are facing new challenges raised by alternative fuel vehicles. It starts with the objectives, fundamentals, and current research issues of alternative fuel vehicles based electric drives, before moving on to new definitions of unified modeling of the entire electric drive system and design of the proposed DC ...

Stonitsch and Markowski perform multiple-Doppler radar analyses of a cold front over Oklahoma and Kansas. Despite their interesting results, their explanations include a number of misconceptions about cold fronts. These misconceptions include the proper interpretation of the frontogenesis function, the role of entrainment versus differential surface sensible heat flux toward weakening the virtu...

In a model of ocean-atmosphere interaction that excluded biological processes, the oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) was substantially reduced in scenarios involving global warming relative to control scenarios. The primary reason for the reduced uptake was the weakening or collapse of the ocean thermohaline circulation. Such a large reduction in this ocean uptake would have a ...

One person’s fight against an HIV infection can decrease the virus’s ability to threaten its next victim, say Goepfert et al. (page 1009). Mutations that help the virus survive in one host decrease its ability to replicate in the next. HIV mutations that help the virus bypass the host’s immune system often fall within gag. This gene is a favorite target for mutations because, for some reason, G...

The stratosphere-troposphere (ST) mode operation of the Indian mesospherestratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar provided evidence of multiple stable layer slxucmres near the tropopause and also of its "weakening" during late night hours on several occasions. Mass exchange can take place between the troposphere and the stratosphere during periods of such weakening. To examine whether there is any ...