The reliability of visual filling-in at the blind spot and how it is influenced by the distribution of spatial attention in and around the blind spot were studied. Our data suggest that visual filling-in at the blind spot is 1) less reliable than it has been assumed, and 2) easier under diffused attention around the blind spot than under focal attention restricted in the blind spot. These findi...

Time-dependent thermal interaction is developed in a skin tissue cylinder subjected to the irradiation of a train of short laser pulses. The skin embedded with a small tumor is stratified as three layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat with different optical, thermal and physiological properties. The laser beam is focused to the tumor site by an objective lens for thermal therapy. The u...

Polycapillary devices focus X-rays by means of multiple reflections of X-rays in arrays of bent glass capillaries. The size of the focal spot (typically 10-100 μm) limits the resolution of scanning, absorption and phase-contrast X-ray imaging using these devices. At the expense of a moderate resolution, polycapillary elements provide high intensity and are frequently used for X-ray micro-imagin...

Introduction Calcifications in the brain can be associated with several intracranial pathologies including tumor growth, epilepsy, hyperthyriodism, and infectious diseases [1][2]. Recent advances have shown that MR guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MRgHIFU) can be used in the brain, as a non-invasive functional neurosurgery [3]. Calcifications exhibit a high acoustic attenuation coeffic...

To achieve maximum luminosity at the SLC, both the electron and positron beams must reach their minimum transverse size within 1 mm of the longitudinal location where the two bunches collide . This paper describes an automated procedure for positioning the focal point of each beam at this collision point. The technique is based on measurements of the beam size utilizing either secondary emissio...

BACKGROUND A major challenge in using magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) to monitor focused ultrasound (FUS) applications is achieving high spatio-temporal resolution over a large field of view (FOV). This is important to accurately monitor all ultrasound (US) power depositions. Magnetic resonance (MR) subsampling in conjunction with thermal model-based reconstruction of the MRTI uti...

For the optimization of the image quality of radiographs, the effect of the blur due to the scattered x rays on the image signal of radiographs has been ignored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the scattered x rays on the object sharpness of radiographs for tube voltages of 50 to 100 kV. For the purpose, using a phantom of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with an alu...

Today, while many researchers focus on the improvement of the regularization term in IR algorithms, they pay less concern to the improvement of the fidelity term. In this paper, we hypothesize that improving the fidelity term will further improve IR image quality in low-dose scanning, which typically causes more noise. The purpose of this paper is to systematically test and examine the role of ...

A simple and flexible method is presented for the generation of optical focal field with prescribed characteristics. By reversing the field pattern radiated from a uniform line source, for which the electric current is constant along its extent, situated at the focus of a 4Pi focusing system formed by two confocal high-NA objective lenses, the required illumination distribution at the pupil pla...