To detect significant changes in gene expression, a threshold for fold change, which is a fixed value for all genes, is widely used. However, it is not always guaranteed that a value which is appropriate for highly expressed genes is suitable for genes with low expression. In this study, aiming at detecting significant changes from a wide range of expression levels, we propose an adaptive thres...

Today, half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. By 2050, 70 percent of the population will be urban. India has been witnessing massive urbanization. Over the six decades since independence, India’s population grew three-fold from 350 million in 1947 to 1027 million in the year in 2001. During the same period, the urban population grew almost 4.6 fold as fast – from 62.4 million to 2...

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is produced by Purkinje neurons during the developmental stage when they are extending their dendritic tree LIMitless Combinations? and beginning to form synaptic connections with the axons of granule neurons. Granule cell precursors bind Shh via the protein Patched (Ptc), which releases Ptc's inhibition of smoothened and induces a cascade of signals leading to proliferatio...

Cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as D-tetrahydrocannabinol (D-THC), enhance the antinociceptive effects of m-opioid receptor agonists, which suggests that combining cannabinoids with opioids would improve pain treatment. Combinations with lower efficacy agonists might be preferred and could avoid adverse effects associatedwith large doses; however, it is unclear whether interactions between ...

Cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), enhance the antinociceptive effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists, which suggests that combining cannabinoids with opioids would improve pain treatment. Combinations with lower efficacy agonists might be preferred and could avoid adverse effects associated with large doses; however, it is unclear whether interactions b...

To better understand the role of each of the laryngeal muscles in producing vocal fold movement, activation of these muscles was correlated with laryngeal movement during different tasks such as sniff, cough or throat clear, and speech syllable production. Four muscles [the posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid (CT), and thyroarytenoid (TA)] were recorded with bipolar h...

the khushab anticline is located in the zagros fold-thrust belt in the lurestan. this anticline is affected by the balarud fault zone, which is a part of mountain front fault between the lurestan and dezful embayment zones. based on the measurement of the elements of fold style, this anticline is analyzed. according to these measurements, this anticline is a noncylindrical, asymmetrical and dis...

Changing the internal structure of a program without changing its behavior is called restructuring. This paper presents a transformation called tuck for restructuring programs by decomposing large functions into small functions. Tuck consists of three steps: Wedge, Split, and Fold. A wedge—a subset of statements in a slice—contains computations that are related and that may create a meaningful ...

Race or ethnic identity, despite its imprecise categorization, is a useful means of identifying population differences in mechanisms of disease and treatment effects. Therefore, race and other arbitrary demographic and physiological variables have appropriately served as a helpful guide to clinical management and to clinical trial participation. The African-American Heart Failure Trial was carr...

We consider combinations of subjective survey forecasts and model-based forecasts from linear and non-linear univariate specifications as well as multivariate factor-augmented models. Empirical results suggest that a simple equal-weighted average of survey forecasts outperform the best model-based forecasts for a majority of macroeconomic variables and forecast horizons. Additional improvements...