Mycoplasma 352 Molecular characterization of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from chicken and turkey. 353 Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains using ELD50 in embryonated chicken eggs. 354 Evaluation of three DNA extraction methods for the detection of Mycoplasma spp. with an MG/MS multiplex real-time PCR method. 356 Use of MG/MS serology and PCR to determine flock status. 357 Exp...

Furnished cages were developed in response to criticisms about conventional battery-cage confinement of laying hens in commercial egg production. Battery cages—small, barren, wire enclosures—restrictively confine the birds, depriving them of the opportunity to display many important patterns of behavior. In contrast, furnished cages are typically equipped with a nest box, perch, and dustbathing...

That’s easy: 2001. My freshman year of college. I spent that year discussing religion and politics over eggs in diners at 2 AM. I found freedom in the simplicity of dorm life, comfort in the company of friends, and happiness in the occasional beverage. I learned to use a charcoal grill and to hit a Wiffl e ball, with great reliability, all the way over the bike path to the Tome Science Building...

Two thousand four hundred and ninety eggs were collected from retail markets in 6 provinces and from laying hen farms in 3 provinces. Eggs were pooled in groups of 3 to obtain 830 samples for testing. Isolation of salmonellae was made from both egg shell and egg contents. Eggs from retail markets were contaminated with salmonellae on egg shells (13.2%) and in egg contents (3.9%). Three (0.4%) s...

The objectives of this study were to assess site-specific carcinogenic risk of incinerator-emitted dioxins in a manner reflecting pollutant transfer across multimedia and multi-pathways. The study used site-specific environmental and exposure information and combined the Monte Carlo method with multimedia modeling to produce probability distributions of risk estimates. The risk estimates were f...

The effects of moulting and age on egg geometry were evaluated during three age groups in four varities of Aseel chicken. For this purpose, a total of 168 eggs from four varieties of Aseel hens (Mushki, Lakha, Mianwali and Peshawari), each having 3 age groups (young, 50-67 weeks; medium, 80 -97 weeks and old, 115-132 weeks) were collected during pre and post-moult phases. The data on egg geomet...

The solicitation behaviours performed by dependent young are under selection from the environment created by their parents, as well as wider ecological conditions. Here we show how mechanisms acting before hatching enable canary offspring to adapt their begging behaviour to a variable post-hatching world. Cross-fostering experiments revealed that canary nestling begging intensity is positively ...

BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to measure dietary diversity in South Africans aged 16 years and older from all population groups as a proxy of food security. METHODS A cross-sectional study representative of adults from all specified ages, provinces, geographic localities, and socio-economic strata in South Africa was used (n=3287). Trained interviewers visited participants...

A trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine has been tested in guinea pigs. The parainfluenza 2 virus vaccine component was superior in the magnitude of antibody titers, and in the ability to convert animals serologically after two doses of an undiluted or a 10-fold diluted vaccine. The parainfluenza 1 virus vaccine gave a higher percentage of conversion than parainfluenza 3 virus vaccine after adm...