Ethanol could suddenly become the gasoline additive of choice in America. As policymakers debate the future path of U.S. energy policy, they face added concerns for public safety and America’s growing dependence on foreign oil. The outcome of these debates could spell the end for MTBE (methyl tert i a ry butyl ether) as a fuel additive—and have important implications for the future of the ethan...

This paper is concerned with the ability of speculation to generate a currency crisis. We consider a game-theoretic setting between a unit mass of speculators and a government that holds foreign currency reserves. We analyze conditions under which the speculators may be able to force the government to devaluate the currency. Among these conditions, we analyze the role of heterogeneous beliefs, ...

This study examines the market’s reaction to announcements of additions to the Loan Loss Reserve (LLR) account resulting from diverse problems in a bank’s loan portfolio which are unrelated to an international debt crisis. For the overall sample, with no division by type of loan, the reaction to an increase in LLRs is negative and statistically significant before the announcement; however, it t...

Since 1993, the Colombian Central Bank introduced a compulsory non-remunerated reserve requirement on capital inflows, which can be characterized as a Tobin tax. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the rationale and the effectiveness of this pricebased mechanism to regulate international capital flows. We defend the idea that those regulations were effective, although, of course, they...

Extracting collection reserve foreign statistics is a banderole nomination of observations mining and is gaining considerable attention in recent years. In process filtering and Data Classification data mining plays a role of key player. The use of Data mining as a process filtering technique is used in this paper for calculating the support value of the datasets. After calculating the support ...

Consumption of imported wines has been on the increase in Nigeria. This has further dwindled the foreign reserve. This necessitated this work to study some wine parameters of wine produced from mixed fruit juice of Mango and Pineapple. Wines are mostly produced from single fruit must. The wine produced from mixed fruit juices of Mango and Pineapple had a good quality. The total dissolved solid ...

The paper develops an alternative hypothesis that attributes collateral responsibility for therecent spate of financial crises to a basic flaw of the architecture of the international financialsystem, free markets for foreign exchange. A valid positional distinction between reserve/ hardand soft currencies, based on reputation, accounts for the systematic substitution of the former<...

been handcuffed, interrogated, held in a cell and maltreated by American security staff. This was as a result of landing at Los Angeles International Airport for a brief stay with the incorrect type of visa. With imminent laws insisting that all new passports contain biometric data such as fingerprints and iris scans, worse appears on the way. Many travellers are also desperately hoping Congres...

This paper contributes to the expanding literature on unconventional monetary policies. So far, much of the literature has focused on advanced economies. This may be natural because the United States and the European Union are the sources of the current crisis. However, many emerging markets have also been affected by the current crisis, and their central banks have employed unconventional poli...

objective: basal fsh levels reflect ovarian response and more formed embryos. we investigated a reliable fsh range to retrieve more oocytes and embryos. materials and methods: two hundred patients in art cycles underwent this study from apr 2007 to sep 2008. patients were divided in three groups based on value of fsh: group a≤8 iu/ml, 8 iu/ml < group b≤10 iu/ml, group c>10 iu/ml and results of ...