the saprophyte fungi such as penicillium are common microorganisms on oak seed that have negative effects on germination. for isolation and identification species of penicillium associated with chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia) seed and investigation the effect of moisture on its frequency, during in autumn 2007 four sampling at any region was selected in gorgan province including: sh...

In the northern Atlantic Forest, hunting and habitat loss have eliminated most large mammals that disperse zoochoric fruits. Due to the decrease in populations of large seed dispersers, yellow-breasted capuchins (Sapajusxanthosternos) are currently one of the largest arboreal fruit-eating mammals in the region. During 26 months, we followed 14-25 capuchins aiming to (1) present data on their di...

Seedlings of 11 species of forest maples (Acer L.) were grown outdoors from budburst to senescence under three light regimes: ‘gap centre under clear skies ’ (approx. 20% open sky irradiance; red:far-red ratio ̄ 1±12) ; ‘gap centre under cloudy skies ’ (1±5%, ratio ̄ 1±03) ; and ‘gap edge’ (2±5%, ratio ̄ 0±6). Seedlings grown under the gap centre (clear sky) regime had significantly greater height...

A fundamental goal of plant population ecology is to understand the consequences for plant fitness of seed dispersal by animals. Theories of seed dispersal and tropical forest regeneration suggest that the advantages of seed dispersal for most plants are escape from seed predation near the parent tree and colonization of vacant sites, the locations of which are unpredictable in space and time. ...

Hunting may have drastic effects on some populations of frugivores and seed dispersal agents, which in turn may affect patterns of forest regeneration and plant diversity. However, when a species disappears, it is possible that the population of other species increases due to competition release, compensating or not, their ecological roles. The main aim of this study was to measure density comp...

Factors that determine the effectiveness of primates as seed dispersers include (i) the microsite into which they deposit seed, (ii) secondary removal of seed by other taxa and (iii) the effect of gut passage and/or spitting on subsequent seed germination. This contribution evaluated these factors in the little studied putty-nosed monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans, in a Nigerian montane forest. F...

To better understand the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species, we quantified the size and composition of the soil seed banks in established plantations in South China. The seed banks were from four typical 22-year-old plantations, i.e., legume, mixed-conifer, mixed-native, and Eucalyptus overstory species. Species dive...

Nitrogen load and forest type determine the soil emission of nitrogen oxides (NO and N2O) K. Pilegaard, U. Skiba, P. Ambus, C. Beier, N. Brüggemann, K. Butterbach-Bahl, J. Dick, J. Dorsey, J. Duyzer, M. Gallagher, R. Gasche, L. Horvath, B. Kitzler, A. Leip, M. K. Pihlatie, P. Rosenkranz, G. Seufert, T. Vesala, H. Westrate, and S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern Biosystems Department, Risø National Labo...

Alans are one of the ethnic components Saltovo-Mayatsk archaeological culture. Antiquities associated with this group found in Middle Don basin. The article studies cultural characteristics Alanian groups that left behind burial sites region, on example pottery. object study shapes clay vessels. was carried out according to methodology developed within framework historical-and-cultural approach...