In this paper we examine source code annotations from the viewpoint of formal languages – we discuss their abstract syntax, concrete syntax, and semantics, thus showing the correspondence between annotations and formal languages. We propose to consider a set of all annotations and their parameters processed by the same reference implementation (they belong to the same domain) to be called an an...

The natural language learning problem has attracted the attention of researchers for several decades Computational and formal models of language acquisition have provided some preliminary yet promising insights of how children learn the lan guage of their community Further these formal models also provide an operational framework for the numerous practical applications of language learning We w...

The mCRL2 language is a formal specification language that is used to specify and model the behavior of distributed systems and protocols. With the accompanying toolset, it is possible to simulate, visualize, analyze and verify behavioral properties of mCRL2 models automatically. The semantics of the mCRL2 language is defined formally using Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) but implemented...

The topic of this thesis is to bridge the gap between formal and informal software specifications. Formal specifications are required for the use of formal methods to verify the correctness of software. If we expect formal methods to be used in realistic software development projects, we need to enable people with varying levels of familiarity with formal specification languages to understand, ...

ASTRAL is a formal specification language for realtime systems. This paper discusses the rationale of ASTRAL’s design and shows how the language builds on previous language experiments. ASTRAL is intended to support formal software development; therefore, the language itself has been formally defined. ASTRAL’s specification style is illustrated by discussing a case study taken from telephony.

Formal description aims to find the most suitable way to formalize a certain segment of the language, or some language phenomena at morphological, lexical, syntactic or semantic level. There is a variety of formal models based on different approaches in order describe the natural language as much as possible. One type of such formal model is described in the thesis entitled “Lexical-Functional ...

and others) have argued that there is evidence to support at least two co-existing systems of reasoning: an associative or sub-symbolic one and a formal, rule-based or symbolic one. This distinction occurs in many disciplines both in empirical models and in models that underly software implementations (Priss, 2001). In AI there is a divide between biologically inspired (i.e. associative) and lo...

The formal language is the formalization of SystemC. The language semantics of was formally defined in a standard structured operational semantics (SOS) style. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the current status of the formal language and show some practical applications of . Then, we give an outline for the latest developments of . These developments include extensions of ! for m...