Current methodologies for the direct reductive coupling of two aldehydes to alkenes afford almost exclusively thermodynamically favoured E-isomer. Recent efforts find phosphorus-based reagents as replacements low-valent Ti species in McMurry couplings present opportunities change this shortcoming, and design new that allow formation high proportions Z-alkenes under kinetic control. Here, we rep...

A La-MnO2 catalyst exhibited excellent performance in aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Characterization the samples revealed that loose surface morphology and high oxygen species mobility facilitated HMF reaction. H2O was verified as a good solvent for formation FDCA because facilitation aldehyde group hydration generate carboxyl on molecu...

The novel biotransformation of an aminopyrrolidine to an aminopiperidine during the metabolism of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-((2R)-2-(((1-methylethyl)amino)methyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl)-6-(4-pyridinyl)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (AMG657417) was investigated using the NADPH-fortified S9 fraction from human liver. The major metabolite (M18) had a protonated molecule (MH(+) m/z 438) identical to that of AMG6...

A novel Geotrichum candidum aldehyde dehydrogenase (GcALDH) effectively oxidized aldehydes to carboxylic acids under mild conditions. Nonetheless, the free form of GcALDH still had a limitation in stability and recyclability. Herein, overcome these limitations, this study achieved immobilization by organic-inorganic nanocrystal formation. The exhibited 261 ± 40 % activity comparing enzyme. It a...

To elucidate the mechanism underlying reduction of nitroglycerin (GTN) to nitric oxide (NO) by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), we generated mutants of the enzyme lacking the cysteines adjacent to reactive Cys302 (C301S and C303S), the glutamate that participates as a general base in aldehyde oxidation (E268Q) or combinations of these residues. The mutants were characterized regard...

Crotonaldehyde is a representative alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde endowed of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties related to its propensity to react with DNA. Cyclic crotonaldehyde-derived deoxyguanosine (CrA-PdG) adducts can undergo ring opening in duplex DNA to yield a highly reactive aldehydic moiety. Here, we demonstrate that site-specifically modified DNA oligonucleotides containing a si...

In the course of a study of the analytical determination of ester groupings in naturally occurring phospholipides, we found that a specimen of beef heart lecithin, prepared according to the method of Pangborn (l), regularly gave ester values considerably below those obtained with egg lecithin. The preparation was presumably pure, since it was colorless, free of amino nitrogen, had a molar N:P r...

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyses the irreversible NAD(P)(+)-dependent oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. In the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa this reaction is an obligatory step in the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen when bacteria are growing in choline or choline precursors. As with every aldehyde dehydrogenase studied so far, BADH posses...

a new and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 4-aryl-7-benzylidene-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2h-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-ones through biginelli-like reaction of cyclopentanone, with urea/thiourea and aromatic aldehyde employing p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (dbsa) as a recyclable catalyst under solvent-free condition. the recovered catalyst was recycled for further runs. the pr...