One-dimensional post normal shock flow calculations are carried out using state-of-the-art thermochemical nonequilibrium models. Two-temperature, four-temperature, and electronic master equation coupling models are adopted in the present work. In the four-temperature model, the rotational nonequilibrium is described by Parker andmodified Parkmodels. In the electronic master equation couplingmod...

Four-wave mixing instabilities are theoretically studied for continuous wave propagation in ultrasmall core photonic-crystal and tapered fibers. The waveguide, or geometrical, contribution to the overall dispersion of these structures is much stronger than in conventional fibers. This leads to the appearance of unstable frequency bands that are qualitatively and quantitatively different from th...