FOXO transcription factors are an important, conserved family of regulators of cellular processes including metabolism, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis and stress resistance. They are required for the efficacy of several of the genetic interventions that modulate lifespan. FOXO activity is regulated by multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect its subcellular localization, ...

Previously, we have demonstrated that forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) overexpression increased p27(Kip1) promoter activity and protein expression, whereas it decreased proliferation in muscle precursor cells (MPCs). The objectives of the present study were to 1) locate and identify FOXO regulatory elements in the rat p27(Kip1) promoter using deletion analysis of a promoter/reporter construct and 2) d...

The Forkhead box O (FOXO) family transcription factors play critical roles in a series of cellular processes, including the cell cycle, cell death, metabolism, and oxidative stress resistance. FOXO proteins are subject to several post-translational modifications, which are closely related to their activity. In this paper, we review the post-translational modifications of FOXOs and their biologi...

The FoxO transcription factors have been implicated in many processes including tumor suppression and cell death. In this issue, two groups now report on mice that conditionally lack the three predominant FoxO transcription factors. Demonstrate that FoxOs are critical for the long-term maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, and show that FoxOs suppress the formation of hemangiomas and lymphom...

Recent studies reveal a conserved role for FoxO transcription factors in establishing neuronal structure and circuit function. In this issue, McLaughlin et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201601014) identify a novel Toll-like receptor-FoxO pathway that represses the mitotic kinesin Pavarotti/MKLP1 to promote dynamic microtubules required for axonal transport and activity-...

The Forkhead Box O (FOXO) gene plays a key role in various biological processes, such as growth, metabolism, development, immunity and longevity. Molting is an essential process for crustacean which mainly regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH). Although the of FOXO regulating immune response crustaceans well documented, its involvement controlling molting remains u...

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signals through activation of Smad transcription factors. Activated Smad proteins associate with different DNA-binding cofactors for the recognition and regulation of specific target genes. Members of the forkhead box O family (FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4) play such a role in the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15Ink4b and p21Cip1. To ...

Thrombin exerts coagulation-independent effects on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Forkhead box-O (FoxO) transcription factors regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but a possible functional interaction between thrombin and FoxO factors has not been identified to date. In human cultured vascular SMC, thrombin induced a time-dependen...

RATIONALE The molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. In wasted animals, muscle mass is regulated by several AKT-related signaling pathways. OBJECTIVES To measure the protein expression of AKT, forkhead box class O (FoxO)-1 and -3, atrogin-1, the phosphophrylated form of AKT, p70(S6K) glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3be...