The perceptions of nurse managers regarding cost containment issues in selected public hospitals in the Port Elizabeth metropole of the Eastern Cape were investigated. Results indicated that nurse managers required better preparation for their cost control responsibilities. Although the majority of the nurse managers realised that staffing issues affected cost containment efforts, they were rep...

Difficult and challenging behaviour by inpatients is a feature of acute psychiatric ward life. Different methods are used to contain these behaviours, and there is international variation in which are approved of or used. Previous research suggests that staff attitudes to patients may affect their willingness to use, or choice of, method. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship be...

In this paper, we address the containment problem for unions of XPath queries with and without schema. We find the problem can be always reduced into containment problem between one single query and a union of queries. When schema is not available, the problem can be further reduced into checking containment between pairwise queries (each from one union), but this only holds for some XPath subs...

Low density suburban development and excessive use of automobiles are associated with serious urban and environmental problems. Master planned development suggests itself as a possible palliative for these ills. This study examines the patterns and dynamics of movement in a selection of master planned estates in Australia with the aim of developing new approaches for assessing the containment o...

Partially-specified systems and specifications are used in formal methods such as stepwise design and query checking. Existing methods consider a setting in which systems and their correctness are Boolean. In recent years there has been growing interest and need for quantitative formal methods, where systems may be weighted and specifications may be multi valued. Weighted automata, which map in...

Characterization of the containment of a polyhedral set in a closed halfspace, a key factor in generating knowledge-based support vector machine classifiers [7], is extended to the following: (i) Containment of one polyhedral set in another. (ii) Containment of a polyhedral set in a reverse-convex set defined by convex quadratic constraints. (iii) Containment of a general closed convex set, def...

We present a computational approach that traces the developmental process, from containment image schemas to metaphor, in four phases: a) perceptual discovery of image schemas, b) associating perceptual arguments and the relation with linguistic units, c) discovering a linguistic structure encoding the schema, and finally d) enriching the semantics of the schema via extended language usage (via...

The management of semistructured data has recently received signiicant attention because of the need of several applications to model and query large volumes of irregular data. This paper considers the problem of query containment for a query language over semistructured data, StruQL0, that contains the essential feature common to all such languages, namely the ability to specify regular path e...

Query containment and query answering are two important computational tasks in databases. While query answering amounts to compute the result of a query over a database, query containment is the problem of checking whether for every database, the result of one query is a subset of the result of another query. In this paper, we deal with unions of conjunctive queries, and we address query contai...

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY In the previous paper we described a model explaining differences in rates of conflict and containment between wards, grouping causal factors into six domains: the staff team, the physical environment, outside hospital, the patient community, patient characteristics and the regulatory framework. This paper reviews and evaluates the evidence for the model from previously publi...