Knowledge management (KM) research lacks a common conceptual core; it is cross-disciplinary, addresses a wide variety of phenomena, and has dif®culty distinguishing itself from many related areas of research. The result is a fragmented ®eld that is itself arti®cially split from the related literature on organizational learning. KM may be progressing through a predictable life-cycle that could e...

We offer a new measure of the ideologically cognizable number of political parties/party groupings that is intended to be complementary to the standard approach to counting the effective number of political parties – the Laakso–Taagepera index (1979). This approach allows the possibility of precise measurement of concepts such as polarized pluralism or fragmented bipolarism and is applicable to...

Lytic phages for multiple-drug resistant E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. They belong to Siphoviridea and Myoviridea families, respectively. Lytic life cycle of the phage has therapeutic implications. Concurrent immune-stimulation of adaptive immunity against the etiologic agent, the MDR bacteria in the victim would revolutionize the field of phage therapy. In this pretext, met...

We study a class of micromanipulation experiments, exemplified by the pulling apart of the two strands of double-stranded DNA. When the pulling force is increased to a critical value, an "unzipping" transition occurs. For random DNA sequences with short-ranged correlations, we obtain exact results for the number of monomers liberated and the specific heat, including the critical behavior at the...

The induction of double strand breaks (DBSs) is considered to a severe radiation-induced damage. The investigation of fragment distributions of plasmid DNA after heavy ion irradiation can give insight into the higher fragmentation due to localized energy deposition around ion tracks. In recent years AFM pictures of fragmented supercoiled plasmid DNA were taken and analyzed. In this report, we i...