This paper describes overview and definitions about Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) formats which can be used in hybrid Free Space Optics/Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) links. Free space optical links allow obtain high speed data transmission without optical fibers. This type of communication is dependent on weather properties and line of sight is needed. This fact has negative influence on inf...

Free-space optical switching and computing systems utilize macroscopic optical elements such as holograms, gratings, lenses, and mirrors as their basic hardware building blocks. In these systems, information is carried by arrays of beams of light that are collimated, manipulated, and focused onto spatial light modulators (SLMs) in a stage-by-stage fashion. The photonics switching work at AT&T B...

Free Space Optics (FSO), also known as Optical Wireless or Lasercom (i.e. Laser Communications), is a re-emerging technology using modulated optical beams to establish short, medium or long reach wireless data transmission. Most of the attention on FSO communication systems it was initially boost by military purposes and first development of this technology was dedicated to the solution of issu...

Optical clock technology is very certain to be integrated in the next high precision time standards. The demand for higher accuracy in time synchronization makes the use of free-space optical links necessary for frequency dissemination, especially if mobile partners are involved. These links are the most suitable solution in order to disseminate high frequencies in between satellites, ground st...

Recent advancements in microwave and terahertz photonics technologies has led to development of innovative advanced wireless communications systems. One of the emerging promising technologies is Radio-on-Free-Space Optical (RoFSO) system described in this paper. RoFSO is achieved by combining Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) technique and free-space optical (FSO) communication technology using seamless c...

This paper analytically investigates bit error rate (BER) performance of Free Space Optical (FSO) system. The FSO which is rapidly gaining popularity for its cost effectiveness and efficient means of transferring high data rates as well as optical fiber, whose data rate is limited by the atmospheric turbulence and scintillation conditions are studied. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ...

The continuous growth of Internet data traffic is progressively increasing the pressure over wireless access technologies. To overcome imminent bandwidth bottleneck, free-space optics (FSO) currently deemed as a key breakthrough towards next-generation ultra-high-capacity links. As this technology matures, it starting to find its place not only in future mobile networks, but also applications s...

Free space optical communication provides a very important method for the satellites orbiting around the earth to communicate with each other. Inter-satellite optical wireless communication systems (IsOWC) are one of the important applications of FSO/WSO technology that will be expand in space in the near future. These systems provide a high bandwidth, small size, light weight, low power and lo...

Modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) couple passive optical retro-reflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing/acquisition/tracking system required on only one end of the link. In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal, the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end...

The increasing need for high data return from near-Earth and deep-space missions is driving a demand for the establishment of Earth-space optical communication links. These links will require a nearly obstruction-free path to the communication platform, so there is a need to measure spatial and temporal statistics of clouds at potential ground-station sites. A technique is described that uses a...