BACKGROUND Bone tunnel enlargement is a phenomenon present in all anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)- reconstruction techniques. It was hypothesized that press-fit fixation using a free autograft bone plug reduces the overall tunnel size in the tibial tunnel. METHODS In a prospective cohort study twelve patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using an autologous quadriceps tendon graf...

Current techniques of water wave visualisation such as shadowgraphy and stereophotography are widely used but are deficient in many aspects. Refraction based visualisation observes the bending of light as it traverses across a water wave -air interface. This work describes the continued development of techniques to measure the surface height of a liquid free surface. The method utilizes refract...

During construction of the Šentvid tunnel a unique opportunity arose to measure the 3D displacements ahead of the motorway tunnel excavation face, since the exploratory tunnel was already constructed in the axis of the main tunnel. According to reviewed literature such measurements had not been performed yet and several problems regarding equipment and complete scheme of the experiment needed t...

One of the main issues involved during tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines is the tail gap grouting. This gap is between the external diameter of tunnel lining and the excavation boundary that is filled with high-pressure grouting materials. In this work, three different approaches of gap grouting modeling in the FLAC3D software are investigated with a special attention to the...

The boundary element technique is a practical problem-solving tool and useful in comparison to other currently popular alternatives. In this paper, a circular tunnel of a diameter 3.4 m is to be excavated through a clayey soil and surrounded by concrete lining of a thickness 0.2 m, so the clear internal diameter is 3.0 m. A plane strain analysis is adopted for such problem and the soil is assum...

Minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) are the smallest member of balaenopterid whales and little is known of their kinematics during feeding maneuvers. These whales have narrow and elongated flippers that are small relative to body size compared to related species such as right and gray whales. No experimental studies have addressed the hydrodynamic properties of minke whale flippers and th...

The resurrection of landslides often occurs in complex strata, where there are multiple water-resisting zones and weak interlayers. groundwater level has a significant influence on landslide stability can lead to the formation composite increase probability resurrection. In field investigation K39 +400 Wenma Expressway, deformation characteristics surface were obtained by analyzing 34 cracks su...

Knowledge of the ground condition and its hazards can play an important role in the selection of support and suitable excavation method in underground structures. Water transport tunnel is one of the most important structures with regard to the goal of excavation, special conditions and limitations considered in the design and execution of them. Beheshtabad Water Conveyance Tunnel with 64930 me...

BACKGROUND Regarding reconstruction surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), there is still a debate whether to perform a single bundle (SB) or double bundle (DB) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the volume and surface area of femoral and tibial tunnels during transtibial SB versus transportal DB ACL reconstruction. METHODS A consecutive series of 2...