This article examines the employment rates of women about 18-30 months after they first received social security retired-worker benefits. The data come from the 1982 New Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative sample of new cash beneficiaries selected from the Social Security Administration’s Master Beneficiary Record. About one-fifth of the women were working. Retiredworker women were ...

More details on these principles are needed to understand the intent of the administration, but they do address the range of issues that need to be considered in reform. However, in much of the initial discussion of these principles, beneficiary concerns are raised mainly in the context of expanded coverage. But beneficiary concerns should be a part of each of the issue areas; indeed, the progr...

According to the identifiability effect, people will donate more to a single beneficiary rather than to many beneficiaries, holding constant what the donations are actually used for. We test the identifiability effect for two novel subject pools (the suppliers and beneficiaries of volunteer labor). We also test a refinement of the identifiability effect where we vary whether or not the single b...

BACKGROUND The current study aims to measure the efficiency of primary health care units completed in health sector of rural Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and to compare it across developed and deprived regions. METHODS Operational efficiency and beneficiary efficiency of a total of 32 Basic Health Units (BHUs) were measured through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) by using different input and ...

let $g=(v,e)$ be a connected simple graph. a labeling $f:v to z_2$ induces two edge labelings $f^+, f^*: e to z_2$ defined by $f^+(xy) = f(x)+f(y)$ and $f^*(xy) = f(x)f(y)$ for each $xy in e$. for $i in z_2$, let $v_f(i) = |f^{-1}(i)|$, $e_{f^+}(i) = |(f^{+})^{-1}(i)|$ and $e_{f^*}(i) = |(f^*)^{-1}(i)|$. a labeling $f$ is called friendly if $|v_f(1)-v_f(0)| le 1$. for a friendly labeling $f$ of...

Abstract Environmental frames are widely used in an effort to increase public support for energy sources the sustainable transition. Research suggests that environmental most effective when they congruent with people’s biospheric values. Yet, this value-congruence account has been mainly tested promoting behaviors, policies or products have clear benefits. But what if do not? For example, promo...