Cultivated pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a phenotypically diverse species grown throughout the world. Wild and landrace peppers are typically small-fruited and pungent, but contain many important traits such as insect and disease resistance. Cultivated peppers vary dramatically in size, shape, pungency, and color, and often lack resistance traits. Fruit characteristics (e.g. shape and pericarp th...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many fruits soften during ripening, which is important commercially and in rendering the fruit attractive to seed-dispersing animals. Cell-wall polysaccharide hydrolases may contribute to softening, but sometimes appear to be absent. An alternative hypothesis is that hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH) non-enzymically cleave wall polysaccharides. We evaluated this hypothesis by using ...

class Fruit implements Comparable { protected String name; protected int size; protected Fruit(String name, int size) { this.name = name; this.size = size; } public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o instanceof Fruit) { Fruit that = (Fruit)o;

The accumulation o f volatile flavour constituents in liquid cultures o f three Kluyveromyces lactis strains was studied after cultivation on defined culture m edia containing glucose as carbon source, yeast extract, vitamines, and different additional nitrogen compounds. Besides shortchain alcohols and esters (fruit esters), 2-phenylethyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, and 2-phenylethyl esters c...

When interacting with a system, users often request information about an entity by specifying a string that may have multiple possible interpretations. Humans are quite good at recognizing when an ambiguity exists and resolving the ambiguity given contextual cues. This disambiguation task is more complicated in automated systems. As systems have more and more different entities and entity types...

Many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, have a rich repertoire of olfactory behavior. Combination of robust behavioral assays, physiological and molecular tools render D. melanogaster as highly suitable system for olfactory studies. The small number of neurons in the olfactory system of fruit flies, especially the number of sensory neurons in the larval stage, makes the exploration of ...