Phytoplasma cause many important vector-borne and graft-transmissible plant diseases. They can affect different host plants. In this work we concentrated on the optimization of diagnostic procedures of pyhtoplasma on fruit trees. The extraction of DNA from the samples is necessary for the molecular analyses that follow. In our experiment we compared two extraction methods – CTAB and automatic e...

Introduetion Apple proliferation (AP) is one of the most economically important phytoplasmal diseases in Europe. It seriously impairs fruit size, yield, and vigor of the trees. AP was first reported in northern Italy (Rui et al., 1950). In the following decades, the occurrence of AP was reported from most European countries. Due to its transmissibility by grafting, the disease was initially tho...

Four-year-old apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees cv. 'Braeburn' on M.26 rootstock were thinned at full bloom to establish six crop loads ranging from a heavy crop to a deflowered treatment. At harvest, mean yield per tree varied from 0 to 38 kg and mean fruit weight ranged from 225 g in the heaviest cropping treatment to 385 g in the lightest cropping treatment. Light cropping resulted in a...

Conjecture exists over the degree that arboreal frugivorous foraging is used by Varanus olivaceus. Here I present evidence from still camera traps, video camera traps, direct observations and spool and line tracking that indicate these monitor lizards take fruit directly from trees, rather than feeding exclusively on fallen fruit as suggested previously.

the aphidiine parasitoids (hym., braconidae) attacking the pest aphids on various pome and stone fruit trees in different parts of iranwere studied. a total of 13 species belonging to seven genera of aphid parasitoids were identified in association with 17 aphid species on 10 different species of fruit trees. sixty nine tritrophic associations were detected from the studied area of which 25 ass...

identification and evaluation of indigenous genotypes of fruit trees are matter of consideration at the first step of the breeding programs. in order to study genetic diversity and to identify promising genotypes, 14 different genotypes of walnut in minoodasht region in golestan province (north of iran) were evaluated. traits such as nut shape, kernel color, ease of removal of kernel halves, ke...

This paper presents a novel multi-sensor framework to efficiently identify, track, localise and map every piece of fruit in a commercial mango orchard. A multiple viewpoint approach is used to solve the problem of occlusion, thus avoiding the need for labour-intensive field calibration to estimate actual yield. Fruit are detected in images using a state-of-the-art faster R-CNN detector, and pai...

Kislev et al. (Reports, 2 June 2006, p. 1372) described Neolithic parthenocarpic fig fruits and proposed that they derive from trees propagated only by cuttings and thus represent the first domesticated plant of the Neolithic Revolution. Because parthenocarpic fig trees naturally produce both seeded and seedless fruits and are capable of spontaneous reproduction, we argue that the finds do not ...