OBJECTIVES Little has been known about the risk of cancer associated with occupational exposure to manganese. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the associations between duration of specific work and cancer incidence among employees in four Norwegian ferromanganese and silicomanganese producing plants. METHODS Among men first employed in 1933-91 and with at least 6 months in...

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is generated in considerable amounts by the electric arc steelmaking process. During melting in an electric arc furnace, certain elements volatilize, and form fine dusts after cooling. The EAFD is collected in a baghouse and amounts to approximately 1–2 wt% of the steel produced.1) In China, about 800 million tons of steel was produced in 2015 with more than 9 w...

Abstract The tapping process of submerged arc furnaces, like the Mn-ferroalloy production process, is when you drain liquid metal and slag from furnace. optimal drained furnace at same rate as it produced, being separated in post-tap hole process. Industrially, this not always case. Based on published articles, paper discusses total that contains consecutive steps flow back electrodes to tap el...

The goal of the latest strategy in glass companies is to decrease the cost of production while maintaining or increasing the glass quality. There are several perspective ways leading to this goal: Optimization of the heating system, Modification of the furnace design, or Installing the new advanced control system. Optimization of the heating system can be achieved by installing modern burner sy...

DRI production in tunnel furnaces sometimes encounters an incomplete degree of reduction. A model is required to tackle heterogeneous reaction rates, crucible heat transfer, and oxide morphology. Herein, a three-phase proposed based on mass conservation kinetics, describe the reduction hematite magnetite crucibles. The was implemented via Fortran program using finite volume discretization, resu...