The stimulated Raman gain effect in planar dielectric waveguides is analyzed for the study of thin layers. Calculations show high gain factors and predict the possibility of detecting monolayers. Compared with those for methods based on ref lection, the gain can be 4 orders of magnitude higher for a monolayer of benzene. It is concluded that waveguide stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy is a pro...

Cigarette smokers are generally known to gain weight after quitting smoking, and such weight gain is thought to contribute to the worsening of glucose tolerance. While smoking cessation therapy such as nicotine replacement is useful to minimize post-cessation weight gain, substantial gain occurs even during the therapy. The purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with we...

OBJECTIVE Factors associated with weight gain during pregnancy that may be linked to maternal overweight and obesity were examined. METHODS In this observational study, 144 women reported on demographics, (prepregnancy) body weight, and lifestyles in self-reported questionnaires at 30 weeks gestation. Body weight at the end of pregnancy (self-reported at 6 weeks postpartum) was used to determ...

There is a growing interest in assessing ecosystem services to improve ecosystem management in landscapes containing a mix of different ecosystems. While methodologies for assessing ecosystem services are constantly improving, only little attention has been given to the identification of which ecosystem services to assess. Service selection is mostly based on current state of the landscape alth...

this paper provides a fuzzy based decision support system (dss) for risk analysis in e-tourism ( electronic tourism ) investment. in general term, e-tourism is the use of information and communication technology (ict) in tourism which may allow operating tourism in least variable cost, least time and increased work efficiency. it is worth noting that there are many factors that affect the deve...

Gene gain and loss shape both proteomes and the networks they form. The increasing availability of closely related sequenced genomes and of genome-wide network data should enable a better understanding of the evolutionary forces driving gene gain, gene loss and evolutionary network rewiring. Using orthology mappings across 23 ascomycete fungi genomes, we identified proteins that were lost, gain...

Recently, the biomass has gained considerable attention as a feedstock for energy production because of its attractive characteristics, including its availability as a renewable resource. However, the biomass can be subjected to several uncertain factors such as the availability, market cost and composition; thus, it is worth noting that the uncertainty in the raw material can affect drasticall...

Despite intense investigation over several decades to understand the mechanisms of vein graft failure, few therapeutic modalities have emerged. Emphasis using standard reductionist approaches has been focused on cataloging the components involved in the early events following vein graft implantation, but limited insight has been gained in understanding the dynamic interaction of these component...

Fixed film biological wastewater treatment processes, such as trickling filters, biological fluidized beds, and rotating biological contactors (RBC), have gained more attention recently due to their less energy consumption, ease of operation and low maintenance requirements. However, the dynamic nature of biofilms and their kinetic characteristics have not been fully understood. Designs of the ...

Fetal wound healing is a remarkable process that is fundamentally different than postnatal healing. Healing of primarily closed, linear wounds occurs rapidly and without scarring. In late gestational age fetal sheep, a transition to adult-like healing occurs as evidenced by minimal scar formation. Acute inflammation is not involved, fibroblast recruitment and proliferation is minimal, the matri...