Gametogenesis is a process whereby a germ cell differentiates into haploid gametes. We found that, in budding yeast, replicatively aged cells remove age-induced cellular damage during gametogenesis. Importantly, gametes of aged cells have the same replicative potential as those derived from young cells, indicating that life span resets during gametogenesis. Here, we explore the potential mechan...

Generation of gametes derived in vitro from pluripotent stem cells holds promising prospects for future reproductive applications. Indeed, it provides information on molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying germ cell (GC) development and could offer a new potential treatment for infertility. Great progress has been made in derivation of gametes from embryonic stem cells, despite ethical iss...

Two independently isolated mutant strains, imp-10 and imp-12, were obtained by UV irradiation of wild-type mating-type minus (wt(-)). Each fails to agglutinate sexually with gametes of either mating type, but mating and zygote formation can be elicited by agglutinating either strain to wt(+) gametes by means of anti-flagellar antiserum. Tetrad analysis of the resultant zygotes shows that both i...

In sexually reproducing organisms, propagation of the species relies on specialized haploid cells (gametes) produced by germ cells. During their development in the adult germline, the female and male gametes undergo a complex differentiation process that requires transcriptional regulation and chromatin reorganization. After fertilization, the gametes then go through extensive epigenetic reprog...

L-carnitine is required during the oxidation of lipids for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria for generation of energy. L-carnitine exerts a substantial antioxidant, anti-cytokines and anti apoptotic actions providing multi-mechanisms protective effects for the cell. The gametes in vitro may be exposed to damaging effects from oxidative stress (OS) due to either...

Wild animals usually die unexpectedly. After post-mortem, there is a short time for gamete rescue because tissue degeneration occurs rapidly in the field area. It is crucial to develop rescue strategies to obtain good gamete quality for future offspring production. Applications of reproductive biotechnologies, e.g. gamete cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm in...

Ovarian tissue transplantation is an experimental procedure that can be used to treat both infertility and premature menopause. Working within the current legal framework in the USA, I examine whether ovarian tissue should be legally treated like gametes or organs in the case of ovarian tissue transplantation between two women. One option is to base classification upon its intended use: ovarian...

Here we report a mechanism that reduces dispersal of early developing stages and larvae in a free-spawning intertidal and shallow subtidal tunicate, Pyura praeputialis (Heller 1878), in the Bay of Antofagasta, Chile. The spawning of gametes by the tunicate into the naturally turbulent aerated seawater decreases their surface tension and induces the formation of a bio-foam. Water collected from ...

Class I: Chromosome increase occurs in the first generation through the union of gametes one or both of which are unreduced. Can occur following selfor crosspollination. Class II: Chromosome doubling occurs in offspring of a hybrid with meiotic disturbances leading to unreduced gametes. It’s a second generation phenomenon: F2, BC1 or F1 crossed to a third parent. Class III: Chromosomal doubling...