IL-4 and IFN-gamma each have potent effects on B cell responses as well as strong mutual antagonism. Here we have examined the quantitative effects of these cytokines on CD40 ligand-induced B cell proliferation, cell survival, and division-linked isotype switching. Both IL-4 (strongly) and IFN-gamma (weakly) enhanced the number of B cells found in culture by reducing the average time cells take...

Gamma oscillations (30-100 Hz) correlate to a variety of neural functions, including sensory processing, attention, and action selection. However, they have barely been studied in relation to emotional processing and valuation of sensory signals and actions. We conducted multineuron and local field potential recordings in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of rats performing a task in which they ma...

In the pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ honeycomb Mott insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling, there are two types of bond-dependent exchange interactions, named Kitaev ($K$) and $\Gamma$, leading to frustration. While ground state model is a quantum spin liquid fractionalized excitations, $\Gamma$ remains controversial. particular, phase diagram $K\Gamma$ ferromagnetic $K$ antiferromagnetic intera...

Using a sample of 2408 time–resolved spectra for 91 BATSE GRBs presented by Preece et al., we show that the relation between the isotropic–equivalent luminosity (Liso) and the peak energy (E ′ p) of the νFν spectrum in the cosmological rest frame, Liso ∝ E ′2 p , holds within these bursts, and also holds among these GRBs, assuming that the burst rate as a function of redshift is proportional to...

We introduce and study certain hyperbolic versions of automorphic Lie algebras related to the modular group. Let $\Gamma$ be a finite index subgroup $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$ with an action on complex simple algebra $\mathfrak g$, which can extended $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$. show that corresponding $\mathfrak{g}$-valued forms is isomorphic extension $\mathfrak{g}$ over usual forms. This es...

Fine-scale temporal organization of cortical activity in the gamma range (∼25-80Hz) may play a significant role in information processing, for example by neural grouping ('binding') and phase coding. Recent experimental studies have shown that the precise frequency of gamma oscillations varies with input drive (e.g. visual contrast) and that it can differ among nearby cortical locations. This h...

We investigate the well-measured spectral and energetic properties of 19 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in their cosmological rest frames. We find a tight relation between the isotropic-equivalent γ-ray energy release Eiso, the local peak energy E ′ p of the νFν spectrum, and the local break time t ′ b of the GRB afterglow light curve, which is Eiso t ′ b ∝ E ′ 1.986±0.084 p (χ 2 ν = 1.42; ΩM = 0.27, ...

A conjectured relation between Ramanujan's asymptotic approximations to the exponential function and integral is established. The proof involves Stirling numbers, second-order Eulerian modifications of both these, Stirling's approximation gamma function. Our work provides new information about coefficients in their connection coefficients. more analytic second main result also included an appen...

We calculated numerically the values of L-functions of four typical elliptic curves in the critical strip in the range Im(s) ≤ 400. We found that all the non-trivial zeros in this range lie on the critical line Re(s) = 1 and are simple except the one at s = 1. The method we employed in this paper is the approximate functional equation with incomplete gamma functions in the coefficients. For inc...