This paper presents a failure analysis on a failed intake valve in a gasoline engine. During an endurance test, an intake valve was broken and caused some damages on the piston. Material examinations (by a light microscope and also a scanning electron microscope) were conducted on the fracture surface of the intake valve shaft. Results showed that no pores or defects could be observed and the m...

The characteristics of the vacuum used in a low atmospheric pressure stunning system to stun (render unconscious) poultry prior to slaughter are described. A vacuum chamber is pumped by a wet screw compressor. The vacuum pressure is reduced from ambient atmospheric pressure to an absolute vacuum pressure of ∼250 Torr (∼33 kPa) in ∼67 sec with the vacuum gate valve fully open. At ∼250 Torr, the ...

The main purpose of this paper is to study various configurations of a magnetorheological (MR) damper valve and to evaluate their performance indices typically dynamic range, valve ratio, inductive time constant and pressure drop. It is known that these performance indices (PI) of the damper depend upon the magnetic circuit design of the valve. Hence, nine valve configurations are considered fo...

Resolve onboard the x-ray satellite X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is a cryogenic instrument with an microcalorimeter in Dewar. A lid partially transparent to x-rays (called gate valve or GV) installed at top of Dewar along optical axis. Because observations will be made through GV for first few months, transmission calibration crucial initial scientific outcomes. We present res...

The classes of the W-hierarchy are the most important classes of intractable problems in parameterized complexity. These classes where originally defined via the weighted satisfiability problem for Boolean circuits. Here, besides the Boolean connectives we consider connectives like majority, not-all-equal, and unique. For example, a gate labelled by the majority connective outputs TRUE if more ...

prolapsed mitral valve syndrome is a common, benign disorder with prevalence of %0.3-6 in population. this syndrome also is known as barlows syndrome and flaapy mitral valve syndrome. prolapsed mitral valve is the dropping of one or two mitral valve leaflet(s) into the left atrium during ventricular systole. this malformation leads to incomplete closing of mitral valve and regurgitates the bloo...