Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and autophagy play increasingly important roles in DNA damage repair and cell death. Gemcitabine (GEM) remains the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, little is known about the relationship between PARP-1 expression and autophagy in response to GEM. Here we demonstrate that GEM induces DNA-damage response and degradation ...

This study was carried out to investigate an effective method for the co-delivery of Gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) into tumor cells. GEM and PTX were modified with functional (+)-a-tocopherol (VE) to obtain similar water solubility. Folic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)–(+)-a-tocopherol (FA–PEG–VE) was designed to co-encapsulate the modified GEM and PTX. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(l...

In this study, human oropharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma KB cells that were resistant to 2,2-difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdCyd) were selected and designated the KB-Gem clone. The KB parental cell line IC50 was 0.3 mM dFdCyd, as compared with the KB-Gem clone IC50 of 32 mM dFdCyd. The KB-Gem clone demonstrated overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) M2 subunit mRNA (9-fold) and overexpression...

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) were measured during an eight month circumnavigation to obtain knowledge of their worldwide distributions in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Background GEM concentrations were found to be 1.32 ± 0.2 ng/m(3) (summer) and 2.62 ± 0.4 ng/m(3) (spring) in the northern hemisphere and 1.27 ± 0.2 ng/m(3) (spring and summer) in the sout...

INTRODUCTION This study explores the proportion of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory functions among gem cutters in the city of gems, in Sri Lanka. METHODS All gem cutters in the Ratnapura Medical Officers of Health area were included and the control group was selected from the government officers residing in the same area. The gem cutters and the controls were matched according to their a...

This study aimed to modify the biological response of cells to ionizing radiation by combination therapy using radio-sensitizer agent and anticancer drug. Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were prepared and used with gemcitabine (Gem). These two agents were encapsulated simultaneously intopoly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form multifunctional drug delivery system....

Hyaluronic acid, a natural CD44 receptor ligand, has attracted attention in the past years as a macromolecular delivery of anticancer agents to cancer. At the same time, the clinical applications of Gemcitabine (Gem) have been hindered by its short biological half-life, high dose and development of drug resistance. This work reports the synthesis of a hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate for nuclear ...