T Previous research has found that, despite improvements over time, women generally earned less than men in both the general and federal workforces, even after controlling for factors that might explain differences in pay. To determine the extent to which the pay gap exists in the federal workforce, GAO addressed the following question: To what extent has the pay gap between men and women in th...

Women earn less than men but are not less satisfied with life. This paper argues that norms on the appropriate pay for women compared to men explain these findings. We take citizens’ approval of an equal rights amendment to the Swiss constitution as a proxy for the norm that “women and men shall have the right to equal pay for work of equal value”. We find that the gender wage gap narrows by on...

Is It the Way She Moves? New Evidence on the Gender Wage Growth Gap in the Early Careers of Men and Women in Italy This paper explores newly available Italian data derived from a 1:90 sample of social security administrative records (INPS) to investigate gender differences in pay during the initial stages of a worker’s career. We find that a significant and growing pay differential between men ...

This paper uses data from the World Value Surveys (1990, 1995,1999) to investigate the impact of gender role attitudes and work values on women’s labour-market outcomes across 25 OECD countries. Anti-egalitarian views are found to display the strongest negative association with female employment rates and the gender pay gap. These views are, however, softening among recent cohorts. On the other...

This paper explores gender differences in the career paths of immigrant and native parents before after childbirth using Spanish administrative data an event study specification. I find important pay gap emerging for both immigrants natives, that drivers these gaps strongly differ between natives immigrants: while children generate higher labour participation part-time work employment permanent...

Abstract Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this paper analyzes changes in gender pay gap West Germany between 1984 and 2020. The literature generally observes a catching-up of women over time with slowdown since mid-1990s often concentrates on USA. We present both an aggregate detailed decomposition wages allowing us to directly test for components across time. Apart standard OLS...

Purpose Although several theoretical concepts imply different determinants of female entrepreneurship, the literature lacks a consensus on their significance. The aim this paper is to verify how industry specificity influences gender pay gap and its relation entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach authors distinguish industries based equality level, measured jointly by two factors: level ...