Hybrid incompatibility can result from gene misregulation produced by divergence in trans-acting regulatory factors and their cis-regulatory targets. However, change in trans-acting factors may be constrained by pleiotropy, which would in turn limit the evolution of incompatibility. We employed a mechanistically explicit bioenergetic model of gene expression wherein parameter combinations (numb...

The nuclear receptor family member constitutive activated receptor (CAR) is activated by structurally diverse drugs and environmentally-relevant chemicals leading to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and transport. Chronic activation of CAR increases liver cancer incidence in rodents, whereas suppression of CAR can lead to steatosis and insulin insensitivity....

The pivotal role of p53 in the regulation a vast array cellular functions has been subject extensive research. biological activity is not strictly limited to cell cycle arrest but also includes homeostasis, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. Thus, mutations gene with loss function represent one major mechanisms for cancer development. As expected, due its key role, expressed throughout huma...

The assembly and disassembly of macromolecular transcription complexes represents a key step in the regulation of gene expression. For inducible responses to hormones and stress, different combinations of molecular chaperones govern the activities of intracellular hormone receptors and heat shock transcription factor. Through their capacity to remodel the conformation of these activators, chape...

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of metabolizing enzymes and transporters. To avoid adverse drug-drug interactions and diseases such as steatosis and cancers associated with PXR activation, identifying drugs and chemicals that activate PXR is of crucial importance. In this work, we developed ligand-based predictive computat...

How farmers are willing to pay bio-activators needs bestudied. The purposes of this study analyze theknowledge and use bio-activators, as well thewillingness for in rice farming. Theresearch was conducted Malang Regency, with a sampleof 82 from Ngajum Gondanglegi Districts. Datawere analyzed by descriptive multiple linear regression.The results showed that the aware one tofour brands three areu...

Proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors such as Neurogenin are activators of neuronal gene expression. Recent studies show they reinforce neuronal differentiation by also inhibiting the expression of glial genes, and are required in vivo to prevent premature and excessive gliogenesis.

Gene-specific activation by enhancers involves their communication with the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery at the core promoter. Core promoters are diverse and may contain a variety of sequence elements such as the TATA box, the Initiator (INR), and the downstream promoter element (DPE) recognized, respectively, by the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors of th...

Pair-rule gene hairy (h) expression in seven evenly spaced stripes, along the longitudinal axis of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo, is mediated by a modular array of separate stripe enhancer elements. The minimal enhancer element, which generates reporter gene expression in place of the most posterior h stripe 7 (h7-element), contains a dense array of binding sites for factors providing the tr...