BACKGROUND Drawing on data from a community-based prospective cohort study in Vancouver, Canada, we examined the prevalence and individual, interpersonal and work environment correlates of homelessness among 252 women in street-based sex work. METHODS Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to examine the individual, interpersonal a...

Pre-harvest control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) may prevent humanillness by reducing the presence of STEC O157 throughout the beef production chain.Immunization of cattle with a type III secreted protein (TTSP) vaccine inhibits colonization ofcattle with STEC O157 and reduces the probability for fecal shedding and hide contamination. Our objectives were to perform a meta...

The purpose of this retrospective study was to elucidate potential confounding factors affecting initial stability of miniscrews inserted to enhance orthodontic anchorage. Four hundred and seven miniscrews inserted in 168 patients treated by 17 orthodontic residents were analysed in a consecutive chart review. The outcome variable was the stability of the miniscrew, measured as a dichotomous va...

Objectives. The region between mental foramens is considered as a zone of choice for implants. However, complications may arise due to an extension anterior to the mental foramen that forms the mandible incisive canal [MIC]. Our goal is to evaluate identification of MIC by both panoramic radiograph [PAN] and cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]. Methods. 150 cases with bilateral MIC were analyz...

Statistical analysis of diving behavior data collected from satellite-linked dive recorders (SDRs) can be challenging because: (1) the data are binned into several depth and time categories, (2) the data from individual animals are often temporally autocorrelated, (3) random variation between individuals is common, and (4) the number of dives can be correlated among depth bins. Previous analyse...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to establish parameters in panoramic radiography for interpretation of unilocular radiolucent lesions, and to compare the accuracy of diagnoses given by examiners before and after using these parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS In Part I, 12 specialists analyzed 24 images and the diagnostic criteria used by each examiner to make correct diagnoses were used t...

Several approaches have been proposed to model binary outcomes that arise from longitudinal studies. Most of the approaches can be grouped into two classes: the population-averaged and subject-specific approaches. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method is commonly used to estimate population-averaged effects, while random-effects logistic models can be used to estimate subject-specif...

The extent to which certain parameters can influence pregnancy rates after intrauterine insemination with frozen donor semen was examined prospectively. Between July 2011 and September 2015, 402 women received 1264 IUI cycles with frozen donor semen in a tertiary referral infertility centre. A case report form was used to collect data prospectively. The primary outcome measure was clinical preg...

SUMMARY The development of adequate models for binary time series data with covariate adjustment has been an active research area in the last years. In the case, where interest is focused on marginal and association parameters, generalized estimating equations (GEE) (see for example Lipsitz, Laird and Harrington (1991) and Liang, Zeger and Qaqish (1992)) and likelihood (see for example Fitzmaur...

Semi-parametrically specified models for multivariate, longitudinal, clustered, multilevel, and other hierarchical data, particularly for non-Gaussian outcomes, are ubiquitous because their parameters can most often be conveniently estimated using the important class of generalized estimating equations (GEE). The focus here is on marginal models, to be understood as models that condition neithe...