Description Liberalised electricity markets represent a delicate equilibrium between regulatory targets to keep prices at acceptable levels and keeping prices high enough to ensure adequate return on investment for generation companies. From the viewpoint of the generation company, these capacity investment decisions are highly complex. Electricity prices are volatile which, instead of a guaran...

In the fast growing literature that addresses the problem of the optimal bidding behaviour of power generation companies that sell energy in electricity auctions, it is always assumed that every firm knows the aggregate supply function of its competitors. Since this information is generally not available, real data have to be substituted by predictions. In this paper we propose two alternative ...

In 2011 senior managers at a UK electricity distribution company faced a training and assessment challenge that would have been very difficult to address using conventional methods. This paper describes the challenge they faced and the reasons for using the Construed Antonym Realization Exercise (CARE) generation methodology to create Multiple Alternative Choice (MAC) test items as part of the ...

This paper presents an online energy management system based on a virtual energy provisioning (VEP) concept. VEP is a novel demand side management inspired by the lean supply chain technology. It aims to control the process of energy generation, delivery, and consumption under the mechanism called “order-then-production” principle. This means electricity should be ordered by end consumers in ad...

the analyze of petroleum contracts demonstrate that in respect to the intensity of the cooperation between the state company and oil companies, we could find the different evaluative categories of the contracts on upstream oil industry.historically, the first generation of the petroleum contracts was the concession agreement in which the transferring of ownership was the base. the license agree...

nowadays, congestion management is one of the major tasks accomplished by system operators to warrant the operation of transmission system within operating limits. this has resulted in unanticipated congestion interfaces in regional transmission systems. the system is, however, unable to evolve at a rate which is required to meet the quickly changing demand of competitive markets. to make the m...

In Spain, electrical industries do not charge the energy bill directly to the nal user, but they share the ownership of an enterprise (called R.E.E., Red El ectrica de Espa~ na) which gets all payments and then distributes them according to some complex criteria (amount of power generation of every company, number of customers, etc.) Recently, some of these companies have asked to redistribute ...