introduction reelin gene (reln) codes a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein with serine protease activity and is implicated in the modulation of neuronal signaling, synaptic transmission and plasticity. the reelin plays a fundamental and pivotal role in the development of laminar structures and may be one of the loci contributing to the positive linkage between chromosome 7q and autistic di...

psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder (8) and between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (9). Although family and twin studies can estimate the shared heritability across disorders, they cannot identify the genetic loci contributing to this overlap. To date, evidence implicating specifi c chromosomal regions and genes in the shared liability to psychotic and mood disorders has la...

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. Recent studies applying new genomic technology to large samples have yielded substantial advances in identifying specific, associated DNA variants as well as clarifying the underlying genetic architecture of the disorder. The genetic liability of schizophrenia is now established as polygenic, with risk alleles in ma...

BACKGROUND Twin data permit decomposition of comorbidity into genetically and environmentally derived correlations. No previous twin study includes all major forms of anxiety disorder. AIMS To estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental risk factors are shared rather than unique to dimensionally scored panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive diso...

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and common depigmentation disorder of the skin that affects people of all ages and both sexes equally in the worldwide. Although etiology of the disease is unknown, there are theories such as environment and genetic factors. Methods: In this article, we collected and summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the epidemiology and gene...

Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior were examined in a large community sample of 6,383 adult male, female, and opposite-sex twins. Retrospective reports of childhood conduct disorder (prior to 18 years of age) were obtained when participants were approximately 30 years old, and lifetime reports of adult antisoci...

we report a rare genetic disorder case of neuroacanthocytosis with clinical profile (oro-lingual-facial abnormal involuntary movements, neuropathy) and typical magnetic resonance findings (cerebral atrophy, bilateral caudate nuclei atrophy with dilated anterior horns of the lateral ventricles), positive family history in his brother and acanthocytosis in peripheral blood smear.

pantothenate kinase- associated neurodegeneration (pkan) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction and iron accumulation in the brain and axonal spheroids in the central nervous system. it has been shown that the disorder is caused by mutations in pank2 gene which codes for a mitochondrial enzyme participating in coenzyme a biosynthe...

BACKGROUND Genetic influences contribute significantly to co-morbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorders. Estimating the extent of overlap can assist in the development of phenotypes for genomic analyses. METHOD Multivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using data from 9577 individuals, including 3982 complete twin pairs and 1613 individuals whose co-twin wa...

OBJECTIVE The anxiety and depressive disorders exhibit high levels of lifetime comorbidity with one another. The authors examined how genetic and environmental factors shared by the personality trait neuroticism and seven internalizing disorders may help explain this comorbidity. METHOD Lifetime major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, animal...