The non-availability of ellipsoidal heights local geodetic Datums has made it necessary for the application transformation models to available global obtain their respective theoretical in Datums. It is required know accuracy, as well reliability any model interest before its application. For that reason, this study comparatively analyses Molodensky and Kotsakis between geocentric non-geocentri...

Geodetic numbers of graphs and digraphs have been investigated in the literature recently. The main purpose of this paper is to study the geodetic spectrum of a graph. For any two vertices u and v in an oriented graph D, a u–v geodesic is a shortest directed path from u to v. Let I (u, v) denote the set of all vertices lying on a u–v geodesic. For a vertex subset A, let I (A) denote the union o...

Given a simple connected graph G = (V, E) the geodetic closure I[S] ⊂ V of a subset S of V is the union of all sets of nodes lying on some geodesic (or shortest path) joining a pair of nodes vk, vl ∈ S. The geodetic number, denoted by g(G), is the smallest cardinality of a node set S∗ such that I[S∗] = V . In “The geodetic number of a graph”, Mathematical and Computer Modelling 17 (June 1993) 8...

This paper describes a new approach to the problem of generating the class of all geodetic graphs homeomorphic to a given geodetic one. An algorithmic procedure is elaborated to carry out a systematic finding of such a class of graphs. As a result, the enumeration of the class of geodetic graphs homeomorphic to certain Moore graphs has been performed.

For two vertices u and v of a connected graph G, the set IG[u, v] consists of all those vertices lying on u − v geodesics in G. Given a set S of vertices of G, the union of all sets IG[u, v] for u, v ∈ S is denoted by IG[S]. A set S ⊆ V (G) is a geodetic set if IG[S] = V (G) and the minimum cardinality of a geodetic set is its geodetic number g(G) of G. Bounds for the geodetic number of strong ...

Modern geodetic observations from a wide range of space and terrestrial technologies contribute to our knowledge of the solid Earth, atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land water storage. These geodetic observations record the “fingerprints” of global change processes and thus are a crucial independent source of high accuracy information for many global change studies. Many of the geodetic tech...

Advanced satellite geodetic systems have contributed to improving knowledge on changes in global gravity fields recent years. These offer profound opportunities the determination of a high-precision, high-resolution gravimetric geoid models data deficient regions. However, due absence research competence some regions, these conventional datasets not been implemented update obsolete reference fr...

The increasing availability of high resolution stereo images from Earth observation satellites has boosted the development of tools for producing 3D elevation models. The objective of these tools is to produce digital elevation models of very large areas with minimal human intervention. The development of these tools has been shaped by the constraints of the remote sensing acquisition, for exam...