Abstract The design of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankments is traditionally optimized by searching for the most cost-effective solution among several workable candidates. candidates are usually based on experiences engineers, real optimal could be therefore missed. This paper intends to address above-mentioned issue systematically optimizing GRPS considering simultaneo...

Needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (NPGCL) has been widely used in landfills. The internal strength of the GCL changes with temperature variation, which affects its application A large-scale temperature-controlled direct shear apparatus was developed to study characteristics affected by temperature. dependent on bentonite, fibers, and interaction between fibers bentonite. influence mainly r...