We evaluated the efficiency of five membrane filters for recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. These filters included the Pall Life Sciences Envirochek (EC) standard filtration and Envirochek high-volume (EC-HV) membrane filters, the Millipore flatbed membrane filter, the Sartorius flatbed membrane filter (SMF), and the Filta-Max (FM) depth filter. Distilled and ...

We have isolated three freshwater bacterial strains that demonstrate the ability to degrade Giardia intestinalis cysts. These strains have been identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis as belonging to the Flavobacterium columnare clade of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group. While the cyst degradation mechanism is unclear, two different effects on the cysts were observed: non-...

Although pigs are commonly infected with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis, including potentially zoonotic species or genotypes, little is known about age-related infection levels, seasonal differences and genetic variation in naturally infected pigs raised in organic management systems. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess seasonal and age-related variations in preval...

background: conventional wastewater treatment is a combination of physical and biological processes designed to remove organic matter from solution. waste sludge drawn from these processes is thickened and processed for ultimate disposal wastewater contains various kinds of infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. correct treatment in wastewater treatment plants is imp...

The chlorine resistance of cysts of the flagellate protozoan Giardia muris was examined. This organism, which is pathogenic to mice, is being considered as a model for the inactivation of the human pathogen Giardia lamblia. Excystation was used as the criterion for cyst viability. Experiments were performed at pH 5, 7, and 9 at 25 degrees C and pH 7 at 5 degrees C. Survival curves were "steplad...

Giardiasis is a neglected disease that spreads worldwide from the Arctic [1] to the Tropics [2]. It affects nearly 2% of adults and 6% to 8% of children in developed countries worldwide. Nearly 33% of people in developing countries have had giardiasis [3]. The disease is caused by a binucleated flagellated protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia (synonyms: G. intestinalis and G. duodenalis) that inh...

Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite which infects the gastrointestinal tract of man and animals. It is endemic throughout the world and is transmitted via faecal contamination of drinking water and food. Giardia intestinalis has a relatively simple life cycle alternating between the trophozoite (proliferative form) and the cyst (resting form). The nature of symptoms associated with Gia...