The Taiwan government has started to promote the “Plain Landscape Afforestation and Greening Program” since 2002. A key task of the program was the payment for environmental services (PES), entitled the “Plain Landscape Afforestation Policy” (PLAP), which was certificated by the Executive Yuan on August 31, 2001 and enacted on January 1, 2002. According to the policy, it is estimated that the t...

Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia store at least 42 000 Million metric tonnes (Mt) of soil carbon. Human activity and climate change threatens the stability of this large pool, which has been decreasing rapidly over the last few decades owing to deforestation, drainage and fire. In this paper we estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions resulting from drainage of lowland tropical ...

The predominant technique for tracking wildfires uses repeat satellite observations to look for and measure the size of burn scars, the charred remains of once-lush terrain. Because it relies on moderateresolution imagery, this approach has a tendency to miss the smaller fires that, though less widely devastating, can still account for a sizeable portion of the total burned area. Small fires ca...

Floriculture in India is estimated to cover an area of 2.55 lakh ha with a production of 17,54,000 MT of loose flowers. Nearly 77 % of the area under floricultural crops is concentrated in seven states comprising Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharastra, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. Among different states, Tamil Nadu ranks first in area followed by Karnataka, West Bengal and Maharast...

Some of the inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef are showing impacts consistent with a decline in water quality as a result of increased sediments and nutrients. The Wet Tropics covers approximately 2.2 million hectares and includes 91 percent of the Wet Tropics World Heritage area. The climate and geomorphologic conditions of the region are unique in Australia and generally result in fast f...

Pakistan is home to one of the largest and most complex irrigation infrastructure systems in the world, consisting of 25 million hectares of irrigated agriculture, 56,000 kilometers of main canals, and tubewells in excess of 600,000. Nearly 100 million people depend on 107,000 water courses that are fed by 44 canal systems. Ineffective water management policies in the past have affected water a...

Yellowstone National Park, USA, has more than 10,000 thermal features throughout a land area of 2.2x10 acres (just short of a million hectares). These characteristics make it unique among the world’s geothermal areas and, consequently, it has been the subject of numerous geological, geochemical, and ecological studies. Past and current research related to arsenic in the thermal waters of Yellow...

Exemplifed by the “Neetzower Agrarhof Peenetal Ltd.”, a farmstead with arable ground of 1.740 hectares (approx. 4.350 acres), the status and extend of application of modern information and communication technologies in an agricultural large-scale enterprise is represented. Since 1998 the enterprise uses appropriate technologies for precision farming and automated process recording for significa...

Soil erosion is a major environmental threat to the sustainability and productive capacity of agriculture. During the last 40 years, nearly one-third of the world's arable land has been lost by erosion and continues to be lost at a rate of more than 10 million hectares per year. With the addition of a quarter of a million people each day, the world population's food demand is increasing at a ti...

Climate change is constant. The average temperature has risen since the globe was encased in ice millions of years ago. Current climate caused by natural events and human behavior treating managing environment. huge burning coal, oil, wood deforestation economic development seriously damaged world's climate. Global may alter peat carbon stored forest land fires. Human activities like plantation...