introduction tongue is one of the most important organs in the oral cavity which has significant roles in different functions such as speaking, mastication, swallowing, breathing, etc. the tongue may be influenced by internal diseases sooner than other organs and also may be involved in some abnormalities that some are developmental and some of them are genetical and environmental. this study h...

The first severe case of caprine contagious ecthyma (parapox) in Tswana goats is described from Botswana. Affected animals were indigenous adult Tswana goats. The case involved a flock of 12 goats of which 4 (33.3%) were very severely affected but none died. The lesions were confined to the head and included swollen lips, swollen submandibular lymph nodes, gingivitis, glossitis, ulceration on l...

sprue (Chaudhuri and Rai Chaudhuri, 1944), nutritional diarrhoea (Karamchandani, 1944), incomplete sprue (Manson-Bahr, 1940), chronic jejuno-ileal insufficiency (Bennett and Hardwick, 1940), and vitamin B deficiency syndrome allied to sprue (Cook, 1944). Rogers (Rogers and Megaw, 1942) is of the view that unexplained diarrhoea of more than 10 days' duration should be treated as sprue, provided ...

We are summarizing some of the difficult pitfalls in tumors of the head and neck, which we have encountered in our biopsies referred for consultation as well as from our routine praxis in the last 20 years. Shortly we are presenting the following lesions of head and neck: multifocal sclerosing thyroiditis, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid, solid cell nests, Chievitz organ, rhomboid gloss...

Historically, wearing adornments on pierced body parts has been associated with many cultures as manifestations of religious or cultural identities. Currently, its use has a broad acceptance among young people. The most common sites for piercings are the tongue and lower lip in the oral cavity. Several complications may be associated with this practice with the most frequently observed being ha...

Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis is usually associated with progressive emaciation in spite of the fact that the patients generally have a good, at times voracious, appetite and their diet is not often greatly restricted. Apart from emaciation, signs of avitaminosis, viz, xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots, glossitis, angular stomatitis, dryness of the skin, etc., have often been noticed by one of...

To determine the effect of changing public health surveillance methods on the reported epidemiology of Lyme disease, we analyzed Connecticut data for 1996-2007. Data were stratified by 4 surveillance methods and compared. A total of 87,174 reports were received that included 79,896 potential cases. Variations based on surveillance methods were seen. Cases reported through physician-based survei...

The association of gastric neuroendocrine tumour type I with macrocytic anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency is commonly encountered. etiological cause must always be precisely established for the subsequent treatment guidance. We present case a 63-year-old patient admitted marked physical asthenia, palpitations, abdominal pain, flatulence, paresthesia in upper and lower limbs concentration di...