Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were treated for 17 days with a decoction of Eugenia jambolana (Myrtaceae) leaves (15%, w/v) as a substitute for water. Body weight, food and fluid intake, urine volume, glycemia, urinary glucose and urea were evaluated every 5 days. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and blood samples collected for the determination of glycemia, serum cholesterol, HDL-chol...

Inhaled insulin (INH, Exubera) is under investigation for preprandial treatment of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1–3). This dry-powder insulin formulation is delivered by aerosol, permitting the noninvasive administration of rapid-acting insulin (4). Preliminary studies have shown that INH provides reproducible and effective control of glycemia (1,5–7). This randomized controlled tr...

is probably the most prevalent risk factor in cardiac ICU patients [11]. This led to more intensive treatment regimens aiming to approach nearnormal glycemia. As mentioned above, these studies failed to demonstrate CVD prevention, and in one case even found a harmful effect [2–4]. Interestingly, similar findings were found in nondiabetic hyperglycemic patients in the setting of ICUs. Hyperglyce...

The proposed contribution of glucose variability to the development of the complications of diabetes beyond that of glycemic exposure is supported by reports that oxidative stress, the putative mediator of such complications, is greater for intermittent as opposed to sustained hyperglycemia. Variability of glycemia in ambulatory conditions defined as the deviation from steady state is a phenome...

Despite the well-known influence of maternal glucose on infant birth weight (BW), the prevalence of large for gestational age (LGA) infants ($90th percentile for age) has been increasing steadily over decades, particularly in pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus (1). Although the overall prevalence of macrosomia (BW$4,000 g) is 17–29% in women with untreate...

Hyperglycemia occurs in patients with diabetes and in nondiabetic patients during acute illness. Epidemiologic and observational studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia is associated with significant adverse outcomes. Nevertheless, studies evaluating the benefits of normalizing glycemia have produced inconsistent results. For instance, intensive control of hyperglycemia had been shown to p...