Accepted for publication 6 February 1996 Case report A 25 year old female veterinary nurse presented with a six year history of general malaise and severe fatigue. Associated with this she described frequent (monthly) episodes of polyarthralgia affecting all joints but with a predilection for the small joints of the hands and the wrists. When present this was accompanied by mild morning stiffne...

Human serum normally contains only the conjugated bile salts, glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate (Sandberg et al., 1965 ; Panveliwalla et al., 1970), with a total concentration below 5pmol/l. In serum from jaundiced patients the total bile salt concentration may rise to values exceeding 250pmol/l (Panveliwalla et al., 1970). The conjugated chenodeoxych...

We previously determined that expression of human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 8, a recently described member of the MRP family of ATP-binding cassette transporters, enhances cellular extrusion of cyclic nucleotides and confers resistance to nucleotide analogs (J Biol Chem 278:29509–29514, 2003). However, the in vitro transport characteristics of the pump have not been determined. In this...

The ability of bile salts to inhibit the precipitation of either calcium hydroxyapatite or its precursor, amorphous calcium phosphate, by reducing CaZ+ activity or poisoning nascent crystals was determined. When apatite precipitated rapidly (1-4 h), glycocholate and taurine-conjugated bile salts (up to 100 mM) had little effect on apatite formation, but prevented amorphous calcium phosphate pre...

In recent years growing attention has been paid to the nasal drug administration as an alternative route of administration for systemically active drugs such as proteins, peptides, hormones, and other drugs which are poorly absorbed orally and extensively metabolized in liver. Nasal route is easily accessible, convenient and reliable route with a porous endothelial membrane and a highly vascula...

As one of the Na-dependent transporters responsible for the hepatic uptake of ligands, sodium taurocholate (TC) co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been cloned from rat liver and its substrate specificity has been clarified by examining the inhibition of TC uptake mediated by NTCP. The contribution of NTCP to the Na-dependent uptake of ligands into rat hepatocytes, however, still needs to be...

6~ Secretion and Composit ion of H u m a n Bi le bile. Later he mixed with the food on one occasion 1 gramme of calomel. H. Nasse concludes from his results that calomel increases the total quantity of bile secreted, but that it diminishes its solids. Koelliker and Mueller* experimented on a dog with a permanent biliary fistula. They studied the effect of calomel, and to some extent also of alo...