This work was produced under the auspices of the SERC funded project GR/G49531. Z, Z Method, OBJ, Abstract Datatypes, Safety Critical Systems, Initiality Z is a rich and expressive speci cation language. It is possible to use Z to produce clear, abstract and elegant speci cations; it is also possible to use Z to produce meaningless speci cations. One of the overall aims of the research work in ...

Supersymmetry (SUSY) between bosons and fermions at the unification-energy scale is one of the most promising hypothesis, which is expecteted to resolve the remaining problems in the standard model. In particular, the minimal supersymmetric extension of the the standard model (MSSM) [1] has been extensively studied in the last decade due to the simplicity. For more than ten years, we have been ...

BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome registries report the use of incomplete guideline therapies, especially among the highest risk patients. Whether this treatment gap results from misperceptions of risk by physicians is uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS The Perceived Risk of Ischemic and Bleeding Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients (PREDICT) study was a prospective acute coronary syndrome...

NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has already proven to be a powerful data source for regional groundwater assessments in many areas around the world. However, the applicability of GRACE data products to more localized studies and their utility to water management authorities have been constrained by their limited spatial resolution (~200,000 km2). Researchers have begun to...

Drought is a complex natural hazard which can have negative effects on agriculture, economy, and human life. In this paper, the primary goal is to explore the application of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity satellite data for the quantitative investigation of the recent drought dynamic over the arid land of northwestern China, a region with scarce hydrological and met...

BACKGROUND In HIV infection, dynamic marginal structural models have estimated the optimal CD4 for treatment initiation to minimize AIDS/death. The impact of CD4 observation frequency and grace periods (permitted delay to initiation) on the optimal regimen has not been investigated nor has the performance of dynamic marginal structural models in moderately sized data sets-two issues that are re...

BACKGROUND The GRACE Score was derived and validated from a cohort in which octogenarians and nonagenarians were poorly represented. OBJECTIVE To test the accuracy of the GRACE score in predicting in-hospital mortality of very elderly individuals with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS Prospective observational study conducted in the intensive coronary care unit of a tertiary center fr...

OBJECTIVES The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) registry reported that the in-hospital risk of death from non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is 5%, with an 11% mortality by 6 months. Prospective Registry of Acute Ischaemic Syndromes in the UK demonstrated that the overall risk of death from NSTEMI over 4 years is 25%. In GRACE, while 28% of patients received percuta...

BACKGROUND Although cardiovascular disease is the major cause of premature death among Indigenous peoples in several advanced economies, no acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk models have been validated in Indigenous populations. We tested the validity and calibration of three Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. METHODS GRACE...

BACKGROUND Although the TIMI score is the one most frequently used in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) without ST-segment elevation, the GRACE score has potential prognostic superiority, as it was created based on an observational registry, part of the variables is treated in a semi-quantitative form and renal function is taken into account in its calculation. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis t...