Although the term "whole grain" is well defined, there has been no universal standard of what constitutes a "whole-grain food," creating challenges for researchers, the food industry, regulatory authorities, and consumers around the world. As part of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the U.S. Dietary Guidelines Technical Advisory Committee issued a call to action to develop definitions...

We report the first measurements of friction angles for a naturally formed gravel streambed. For a given test grain size placed on a bed surface, friction angles varied from 10" to over 100'; friction angle distributions can be expressed as a function of test grain size, median bed grain size, and bed sorting parameter. Friction angles decrease with increasing grain size relative to the median ...

We assessed the performance of hermetic triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags for protecting Hibiscus sabdariffa grain against storage insects. The major storage pest in the grain was a bruchid, Spermophagus sp.. When we stored infested H. sabdariffa grain for six months in the woven polypropylene bags typically used by farmers, the Spermophagus population increased 33-fold over...

In [15], the second author defined algebraic geometric codes over rings. This definition was motivated by two recent trends in coding theory: the study of algebraic geometric codes over finite fields, and the study of codes over rings. In that paper, many of the basic parameters of these new codes were computed. However, the Lee weight, which is very important for codes over the ring Z/4Z, was ...

Shear-coupled grain boundary (GB) migration can be an efficacious mechanism to accommodate plastic deformation when the grain size of polycrystalline materials goes small. Nevertheless, how this kind of GB motion comes into play at the atomic level has not been fully revealed. Here, we have investigated the shear-coupled migration (SCM) of typical [100] group symmetrical tilt GBs in bcc W using...

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are basic components of gastrointestinal motility. However, changes in ICC and their role in post-infection irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) remain to be elucidated. To observe the impact of alterations in the ICC on intestinal motility in a PI-IBS mouse model, female C57BL\6 mice were infected by the oral administration of 400 Trichinella spiralis larvae....

Argentine meat has been traditionally produced on pasture. However, to comply with some market requirements, grain finishing is becoming more common among producers. The main goal of the present work was to study lipid oxidation in fresh meat from animals fed different diets in relationship with their antioxidant vitamin status. Attributes were evaluated in beef from pasture or grain-fed animal...

in order to study the effects of irrigation regimes, planting season and seed priming on grain yield and components of hashem genotype of chickpea in nurabad, northern lorestan, two 3-replicate split-plot field experiments, one autumn- and the other spring-sown, were conducted. the primed and non-primed seeds (subplots) of this chickpea genotype were sown in autumn and spring and subjected to f...

During combine harvesting of 5 various cereal crops (rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn) 24 samples of grain and 24 samples of settled grain dust were collected on farms located in the Lublin province of eastern Poland. The samples were examined for the concentration of total microfungi, Fusarium species, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and ochratoxin A (OTA). Microfungi able to grow on ...

As characteristic length scales shrink (<100 nm) in fcc metals, alternative deformation mechanisms not seen in bulk and course-grained material counterparts emerge. In particular in grain sizes on the order of 10s of nanometers, plasticity is mediated by the motion and interaction of partial dislocations and extended stacking faults. Typically, partial dislocations nucleate at grain boundary de...