P granules are cytoplasmic structures of unknown function that are associated with germ nuclei in the C. elegans gonad, and are localized exclusively to germ cells, or germ cell precursors, throughout the life cycle. All the known protein components of P granules contain putative RNA-binding motifs, suggesting that RNA is involved in either the structure or function of the granules. However, no...

The events in the biogenesis of secretory granules after the budding of a dense-cored vesicle from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) were investigated in the neuroendocrine cell line PC12, using sulfate-labeled secretogranin II as a marker. The TGN-derived dense-cored vesicles, which we refer to as immature secretory granules, were found to be obligatory organellar intermediates in the biogenesis o...

We have studied the effect of monensin on microtubule-associated translocation of atrial secretory granules in 5-7-day-old cultures of atrial myocytes from adult rats. Atrial granules and microtubules were localized by immunofluorescent microscopy of myocytes double-labeled with primary antibodies against atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and alpha-tubulin. In control myocytes, fluorescence ...

We have used ultrathin cryosectioning and immunogold cytochemistry to study the position of alpha-granules in the endocytic and biosynthetic pathways in megakaryocytes and platelets. Morphologically, we distinguished three types of granules; so-called multivesicular bodies type I (MVB I) with internal vesicles only, granules with internal vesicles and an electron dense matrix (MVB II), and the ...

"Germ granules" are cytoplasmic, nonmembrane-bound organelles unique to germline. Germ granules share components with the P bodies and stress granules of somatic cells, but also contain proteins and RNAs uniquely required for germ cell development. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of germ granule assembly, dynamics, and function. One hypothesis is that germ granu...

We discuss basic concepts for approximate reasoning about information changes. Any rule for reasoning about information changes specifies how changes of information granules from the rule premise influence changes of information granules from the rule conclusion. Changes in information granules can be measured, e.g., using expressions analogous to derivatives. We illustrate our approach by mean...

This study compares the use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and crumb rubber (CR) when they are functionalized with waste vegetable oil used as modifiers in bitumen. Granules same size were for both modifiers, treated to enhance their compatibility The efficacy treatment was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Chemical analysis showed appearance intense peaks a...

Granules from rabbit peritoneal leucocytes were prepared in 0.3 ~ sucrose as an optically homogeneous suspension with the aid of heparin. Lysis of the granules in vitro was followed by measurement of decreases in the apparent absorbance of the suspensions at 520 m# and was accompanied by solubilization of beta-glucuronidase from the particles. Streptolysins O and S from hemolytic streptococci l...

We studied calcium-triggered fusion of sea urchin egg secretory granules to test whether membrane bound fusion proteins are required in both fusing membranes. Using both light scattering assays and video microscopy, we found that native granules fused to granules that had been inactivated with either trypsin or N-ethylmaleimide. Granules also fused with liposomes prepared from lipids extracted ...