This study used the data from a retrospective cross-sectional survey to describe the prevalence of smoking in pregnancy in a large UK sample, over more than 20 years of pregnancies. The main objective was to determine whether women in their second or subsequent pregnancy are more or less likely than primigravidae to change their smoking behaviour. The participants were 7506 ever-pregnant women,...

conclusions the current study revealed that pregnant females had significantly lower hgs compared with non-pregnant ones. high parity and gravidity and later stage of pregnancy led to significantly lower hgs. higher level of adiposity led to poorer performance of hgs in females. it is recommended to evaluate hgs in antenatal care, which may have diagnostic and prognostic benefits. background ha...

  Background : Hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is one of the many problems during pregnancy its etiology has not been clearly understood. Inflammatory factors like helicobacter pylori infection has been considered as a risk factor in some studies. The purpose of the present study is to find a relationship between Helicobacter Pylori (H.P) infection and hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG).   Methods: A ca...

background : hyperemesis gravidarum (heg) is one of the many problems during pregnancy its etiology has not been clearly understood. inflammatory factors like helicobacter pylori infection has been considered as a risk factor in some studies. the purpose of the present study is to find a relationship between helicobacter pylori (h.p) infection and hyperemesis gravidarum (heg).   methods: a case...

Background: A number of conditions demands first trimester abortions including medical and social causes. This study was mainly undertaken in order to compare the oral misoprostol with intramuscular carboprost for cervical ripening suction evacuation termination pregnancy up 12 weeks gestation. Material methods: randomized controlled trial determine safety efficacy over ripening. total 120 preg...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and risk factors for the development of GDM in pregnant women in Tianjin, China, where the prevalence of GDM is still unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 9,471 pregnant women living in the six urban districts of Tianjin, China, took part in the initial screening between December 1...