We derive the detailed balance condition as a solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the Hořava-Lifshitz gravity. This result leads us to propose the existence of the d-dimensional quantum field theory on the future boundary of the (d + 1)dimensional Hořava-Lifshitz gravity from the viewpoint of the holographic renormalization group. We also obtain a Ricci flow equation of the boundary the...

abstract one of the most important sources of drinking and agricultural water needs is rivers. one of the oldest methods of getting water from rivers that still has the greatest use is the gravity intake. in this type of intake, due to the disproportionate velocity at the upstream and downstream mouth of intake, occur flow separation and following sedimentation at the upstream mouth. in this st...

Plants adjust their growth according to gravity. Gravitropism involves gravity perception, signal transduction, and asymmetric growth response, with organ bending as a consequence [1]. Asymmetric growth results from the asymmetric distribution of the plant-specific signaling molecule auxin [2] that is generated by lateral transport, mediated in the hypocotyl predominantly by the auxin transport...

The reduced-gravity environment in space is known to cause an upward shift in body fluids and thus require cardiovascular adaptations in astronauts. In this study, we recorded in rats the neuronal activity in the subthalamic cerebrovasodilator area (SVA), a key area that controls cerebral blood flow (CBF), in response to partial gravity. "Partial gravity" is the term that defines the reduced-gr...

The propagation of transient inertio-gravity waves in a shear flow is examined using the Gaussian beam formulation. This formulation assumes Gaussian wavepackets in the spectral space and uses a second-order Taylor expansion of the phase of the wave field. In this sense, the Gaussian beam formulation is also an asymptotic approximation like spatial ray tracing; however, the first one is free of...

A sudden postural change may produce symptoms or even syncope mainly due to orthostatic hypotension. To date, most hemodynamic studies in postural change focus on the response of static and definite postures. To quantify cardiovascular hemodynamics characteristics during continuous posture, we developed a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction mathematical model of hemodynamics with cont...

The gravity model in economics describes the trade flow between two countries as a function of their Gross Domestic Products (GDPs) and the distance between them. This model is motivated by the qualitative similarity between the desired dependence and the dependence of the gravity force (or potential energy) between the two bodies on their masses and on the distance between them. In this paper,...

Brainy Africans to Fortress Europe: For Money or Colonial Vestiges? Economic reasons along with cultural affinities and the existence of networks have been the main determinants explaining migration flows between home and host countries. This paper reconsiders these approaches combined with the gravity model and empirically tests the hypothesis that ex-colonial links can still play an important...

We study the risk assessment of uncertain cash flows in terms of dynamic convex risk measures for processes as introduced in Cheridito, Delbaen, and Kupper [10]. These risk measures take into account not only the amounts but also the timing of a cash flow. We discuss their robust representation in terms of suitably penalized probability measures on the optional σ-field. This yields an explicit ...

While a mega-event is scheduled at least once every year somewhere in the world, these events are rare occurrences for the host cities and countries. The benefits of such events seem lucrative; the very fact that many countries bid to host these events suggests that the benefits — be they tangible or intangible — more often than not outweigh the costs. Using a standard gravity model of bilatera...