We develop a new optical switching fabric with multigranularity grooming based on our lambda-group model, as well as algorithms that can handle dynamic environments. The proposed fabric based on a new multi-granular grooming scheme presents the distinctive approach of assigning different contiguous groups of granularities to different paths for effective treatment. Results and figures from expe...

Natural rodent grooming and other instinctive behavior serves as a natural model of complex movement sequences. Rodent grooming has syntactic (rule-driven) sequences and more random movement patterns. Both incorporate the same movements--only the serial structure differs. Recordings of neural activity in the dorsolateral striatum and the substantia nigra pars reticulata indicate preferential ac...

To fight infectious diseases, host immune defenses are employed at multiple levels. Sanitary behavior, such as pathogen avoidance and removal, acts as a first line of defense to prevent infection before activation of the physiological immune system. Insect societies have evolved a wide range of collective hygiene measures and intensive health care toward pathogen-exposed group members. One of t...

Cyber-crime targeting children such as online pedophile activity are a major and a growing concern to the society. A deep understanding of predatory chat conversations on the Internet has implications in designing effective solutions to automatically identify malicious conversations from regular conversations. We believe that a deeper understanding of the pedophile conversation can result in mo...

Behavioral resistance protects insects from microbial infection. However, signals inducing insect hygiene behavior are still relatively unexplored. Our previous study demonstrated that olfactory signals from microbes enhance insect hygiene behavior, and gustatory signals even induce the behavior. In this paper, we postulated a cross-talk between behavioral resistance and innate immunity. To exa...

This paper deals with electrical traffic grooming into optical lightpaths. In the context of a multi-layer EXC/OXC network, electrical traffic grooming aims to optimize resources utilization in terms of required optical channels. It also enables to relax the wavelength continuity constraint. Whereas most of the existing studies are applied either to permanent traffic demands or to dynamic traff...

Repertoires of grooming behaviors critical to survival are exhibited by most animal species, including humans. Genes that influence this complex behavior are unknown. We report that mice with disruptions of Hoxb8 show, with 100% penetrance, excessive grooming leading to hair removal and lesions. Additionally, these mice excessively groom normal cagemates. We have been unable to detect any skin ...

Hopfield networks have been suggested as a tool for the optimization of traffic grooming. However, this method of optimization based on neural networks normally requires a considerable delay to find an optimal solution. This limited their practicability in optical data transport. This paper proposes a solution to reduce this delay. That is a learning model in which arriving service patterns are...

Intradermal facial injections of pruritogens or algogens elicit distinct behavioral hindlimb scratch or forelimb wiping responses in rodents. We systematically investigated the parameters and opioid modulation of these evoked behaviors and spontaneous facial grooming in rats. Serotonin (5-HT) elicited hindlimb scratch bouts with few wipes. Scratching was attenuated by the µ-opiate antagonist na...

Traffic grooming in networks employing WDM is gaining attention due to the difference between the bandwidth requirements of the traffic demands coming from the client layer and the capacity of a wavelength in an Optical Transport Network (OTN). In this paper an algorithm for efficient traffic grooming in a multi-layer IP/MPLS-over-meshed OTN scenario is presented. It allows designing the IP/MPL...